切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术的研究进展及发展对策

切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术是一项高新技术。阐述了高压蔬菜保鲜的意义。介绍了高压蔬菜保鲜的特点、机理、设备及其研究进展，并对该项技术的发展提出了建议。     

机械设备故障检测诊断技术现状与发展

从设备检测诊断的基本方法、内容和技术手段等多方面对我国机械设备检测和诊断技术的现状进行了综述,并在此基础上提出了该技术今后的发展趋势。     

农业生物科学的发展与农业机械研究

随着农业生物工程技术在农业生产中的应用,从90年代到下一个世纪农业将会发生一次新的“绿色革命”。本文简述了随着农业生物工程技术的发展和应用,将可能对农业机械的研究与开发以及农业机械化的发展产生的影响。     

Ancient Polyploidy and Modern Crop Plants

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution, and suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate.     

中国传统插花的赏析与发展

论述中国传统插花的主要特征是精与雅,并分析其产生的根源,通过对传统插花作品的赏析,对今后插花发展提出了讨论的意见。     

汕头中山公园的保护与发展初探

中山公园是汕头市历史最悠久的综合性公园,公园古树名木苍翠,植物品种丰富;名胜古迹众多,文化底蕴深厚;四周环水,区位环境得天独厚.要保护和发展汕头中山公园,必须解决公园基础设施老化,配套不完善;植物景观比较单一,养护管理比较粗放;历史文化古迹保护力度不够;公园技术管理队伍老化和断层;公园保护资金入不敷出等问题.提出只有开拓创新,充分发掘公园的历史文化内涵,传承地域文化,保障维护资金才能实现公园的可持续发展.     

中亚农业水资源脆弱性及其变化特征分析

农业用水是链接自然环境和社会经济发展的重要环节,研究农业水资源脆弱性的时空变化对揭示水资源的可持续开发利用、保障水资源安全、应对洪旱灾害具有重要意义。为研究中亚地区农业水资源脆弱性变化特征,本文以中亚五国为研究区,基于气象、土地覆盖、地形和社会经济数据,依据脆弱性概念框架,从暴露度、敏感度和适应度3个方面选取18个指标,建立了农业水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,采用等权重法和主成分分析法确定指标权重,对1992-2017年中亚农业水资源脆弱性进行了评价及特征分析。结果表明:1)中亚农业水资源脆弱性空间分布表现为"南高北低"的特征,5国中土库曼斯坦农业水资源脆弱性最强,其次为乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦,而哈萨克斯坦农业水资源脆弱性最弱;研究时段内农业水资源脆弱性空间分布格局变化较小。2)中亚农业水资源脆弱性随时间变化表现为"前期升高,中期降低,后期稳定"的态势,整个研究期内研究区农业水资源脆弱性变化类型以相对稳定为主。不同地区农业水资源脆弱性随时间的变化存在差异,吉尔吉斯斯坦西部和土库曼斯坦的农业水资源脆弱性升高,乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦以及咸海地区水资源脆弱性降低,其他地区相对稳定。3)不同地区农业水资源脆弱性对各指标的敏感性不同,北部农业水资源脆弱性动态变化对农田灌溉定额和灌溉指数以负敏感为主,对其他指标以正敏感为主,而南部对各指标的敏感性正负均有;相关性分析表明,森林覆盖率、农业用水比例、农田灌溉定额、水分胁迫指数、灌溉指数和农业水分生产率是导致中亚农业水资源脆弱性空间差异的重要因素。4)为降低农业水资源脆弱性,中亚地区需发展集约型农业,调整作物种植结构,推广耐旱品种农作物,进行节水灌溉。研究结果可为中亚农业水资源规划管理、农业生产布局调整以及农业可持续发展提供参考依据。     

Growth and competitiveness of the New Zealand tree species Podocarpus cunninghamii is reduced by ex-agricultural AMF but enhanced by forest AMF

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities found in agricultural systems has been found to be very different to that of forest. The implications of this, if any, for the restoration of indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect that AMF communities isolated from ex-agricultural and forest soils have on the growth of an indigenous New Zealand tree species (Podocarpus cunninghamii). The forest AMF community was isolated from a remnant stand of P. cunninghamii forest and the ex-agricultural AMF from a retired grazing grassland. In addition, the study examined how the two AMF communities affected the competitiveness of P. cunninghamii when grown in competition with an invasive grass species (Agrostis capillaris), which is frequently dominant on ex-agricultural land in New Zealand. P. cunninghamii growth was significantly decreased by inoculation with ex-agricultural AMF compared to forest AMF. Furthermore, the forest AMF community was able to significantly increase P. cunninghamii root production when in competition with A. capillaris. The findings suggest that when attempting to restore indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land, inoculation of tree seedlings with appropriate forest AMF may improve their growth and survival.     

Considering sink strength to model crop production under elevated atmospheric CO2

Climatic changes and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will affect crop growth and production in the near future. Rising CO₂ concentration is a novel environmental aspect that should be considered when projections for future agricultural productivity are made. In addition to a reducing effect on stomatal conductance and crop transpiration, elevated CO₂ concentration can stimulate crop production. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect (‘CO₂ fertilization’) is subject of discussion. In this study, different calculation procedures of the generic crop model AquaCrop based on a foregoing theoretical framework and a meta-analysis of field responses, respectively, were evaluated against experimental data of free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) environments. A flexible response of the water productivity parameter of the model to CO₂ concentration was introduced as the best option to consider crop sink strength and responsiveness to CO₂. By varying the response factor, differences in crop sink capacity and trends in breeding and management, which alter crop responsiveness, can be addressed. Projections of maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production reflecting the differences in responsiveness were simulated for future time horizons when elevated CO₂ concentrations and climatic changes are expected. Variation in future yield potential associated with sink strength could be as high as 27% of the total production. Thus, taking into account crop sink strength and variation in responsiveness is equally relevant to considering climatic changes and elevated CO₂ concentration when assessing future crop production. Indicative values representing the crop responsiveness to elevated CO₂ concentration were proposed for all crops currently available in the database of AquaCrop as a first step in reducing part of the uncertainty involved in modeling future agricultural production.     

基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染评价模型

土壤重金属污染程度综合评价问题是一个前沿的、复杂的不确定性问题。本文尝试利用集对分析方法描述土壤重金属污染评价过程中的确定性和不确定性特征,并应用角模糊数刻画集对差异度系数以改进集对分析方法,进而提出了基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染综合评价新模型。实例应用结果及与其他方法对比分析表明:该模型评价过程直观、计算简便、结果客观合理,在土壤重金属污染评价中具有参考价值。