补播羊草和黄花苜蓿对退化草甸植物群落特征的影响

呼伦贝尔草原区是我国北方重要的生态屏障,近年来不合理的利用方式导致该地区退化草地面积不断扩大,为了探究牧草补播时间及补播比例对呼伦贝尔退化草甸草原植物群落特征的影响,为该地区退化草地修复提供依据。本研究以羊草（Leymus chinensis（Trin.） Tzvel.）和黄花苜蓿（Medicago falcata L.）为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,通过测定幼苗数、高度、生物量等群落指标,并综合评价补播效果,结果表明：夏播羊草和黄花苜蓿幼苗数量显著高于春播和秋播（P<0.05）,夏播和秋播植物群落总生物量呈增加趋势,春播则呈减少趋势;补播措施提高了退化草地植物群落Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数,豆科和禾本科植物重要值呈增加趋势,其他科植物呈下降趋势。呼伦贝尔地区夏季补播羊草和黄花苜蓿以1∶3补播效果较好,而春播由于恢复时间短,需进一步观察。     

青海扁茎早熟禾混播草地生产性能与种间关系的研究

为了探究早熟禾混播草地种间关系与生产特征,使用‘青海’中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis ‘Qinghai’）、'青牧1号’老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus ‘Qingmu No.1’）、‘同德’小花碱茅（Puccinellia tenuiflora ‘Tongde’）分别与‘青海’扁茎早熟禾（Poa pratensis var. anceps Gaund.‘Qinghai’）混播,在海北州西海镇开展了植株形态特征、生物量积累和分配、混播草地养分特征等研究。结果表明：使用老芒麦与早熟禾混播具有较高的生产性能。该处理相较于老芒麦单播草地的粗蛋白与总磷含量,分别提高7.51%与14.50%。相对饲用价值较早熟禾单播草地提高34.12%。因此,为解决青海扁茎早熟禾单播草地生产力不足的问题可以选用老芒麦与早熟禾进行混播。使用碱茅与早熟禾混播具有较高的种间相容性,因此碱茅与早熟禾混播具有较高的群落稳定性与产量稳定性。选用碱茅与早熟禾进行混播可以用于建植以生态治理为目的的混播草地。     

彰武县东沟小流域综合治理及其效益分析

东沟小流域3年来的综合治理实践证明:根据辽北低山丘陵区风沙、干旱,水土流失严重的特点,进行详细的调查和科学的论证,因地制宜地布置各项水土保持措施,就能收到显著的保水保土效益和较高的经济效益。经统计,在近11km2的水土流失面积上,拦洪量达32.5万m3,拦沙量达到0.93万t。经济效益中的内部收益率为60.6%,经济效益费用比:3.85。     

The genetic diversity and structure of 18 sheep breeds exposed to isolation and selection

The phylogenetic layout of the genotyped (30 microsatellite) 18 sheep breeds in this study demands and provides the opportunity to evaluate both neutral and adaptive components of genetic diversity in a naturally and artificially selected and subdivided sheep population. Seven Pramenka strains from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia characterized by a very low intensity of artificial selection, preserved the highest neutral genetic variability. Eight central and north‐western European breeds under considerable artificial isolation and selection preserved the lowest genetic variability. Only combinations of various phylogenetic parameters offer a reasonable explanation for underlying evolutionary forces working in the investigated island and mainland sheep breeds under variable natural and artificial selection. More than 60% of total genetic, diversity was allocated to virtually unselected Pramenka strains, and an additional 25% to native moderately selected Graue Gehoernte Heidschnucke and intensively selected Ostfriesische Milchschafe. Some economically very important breeds and strains did not contribute to a pool with maximal genetic diversity, while they play an important role in the cultural heritage of respective countries.     

江苏省高品质棉生产经营现状与发展对策

江苏省是全国产棉大省,在全国占有重要地位.近年来,江苏高品质棉有了很大发展,但也面临一些问题,如品种单一,缺乏有效的产销衔接等.本文提出了江苏高品质棉优势区域发展战略措施.     

浅谈桑树在林业可持续发展中的优势

桑树抗逆性能较强,在干旱、寒冷、风沙较大的丰宁县5个月可长高1~1.5m,当年成林,生态效益明显;15kg桑叶用于养蚕,1个月时间可转化出1kg鲜蚕茧,毛收入8~10元,周期短,经济效益高;桑叶营养丰富,其蛋白质含量是小麦的2倍,可做畜禽饲料,蚕、桑均含药物成分,可开发保健食品和药品,社会效益潜力大。在林业可持续发展中有较强的优势。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

酶制剂在农业中的应用及生物技术改良

酶是由多种氨基酸、维生素及矿物质等构成的活性蛋白质,广泛地存在于自然界。酶制剂工业是生物工程的重要组成部分,其应用非常广泛。主要从畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农药残留降解、生物农药、作为抗生素替代品和农业食品加工以及生物技术在该领域应用进行简短的综述。     

提高农业科技服务能力 推进农村小康社会建设

中国全面建设小康社会重点在农村，难点在如何增加农民收入，很大程度上取决于如何为八亿农民提供农业科技服务，促进农业技术创新和科技成果转化为现实生产力。本文从中国农业生产的现状、科技服务“缺位和滞后”和力量不足等问题入手，提出改革现行的农业科技运行和转化机制、开展科农携手共建利益共同体、发挥示范榜样作用、提高劳动者的科技素质等对策，促进科学研究面向生产第一线和科技成果直接应用于生产，为农民提供全方位、多层次、多领域的科技服务，推进农村全面建设小康社会进程。     

山区庄园式开发模式研究——以河北省元氏县为例

本文对河北省元氏县山区庄园式开发模式进行了论述,该模式通过山区“四荒”(荒山、荒坡、荒沟、荒滩)地使用权的拍卖调动了群众治理荒山的积极性,将“庄”与“园”相结合,对山区进行综合性、立体化治理,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的协调发展,是实现山区农民脱贫致富的有效途径。