Udder health and female fertility traits are favourably correlated and support each other in multi-trait evaluations

Genetic parameters were estimated for protein yield (PY), clinical mastitis (CM), somatic cell score, number of inseminations (NI) and days from calving to first insemination (CFI) in first‐parity Swedish Red cows by series of tri‐variate linear animal models. The heritability of PY was moderate (0.34 ± 0.004), and the heritabilities of the functional traits were all low (0.014 ± 0.001–0.14 ± 0.004). The genetic correlation between CM and CFI (0.38 ± 0.05) was stronger than the correlation between CM and NI (0.05 ± 0.06), perhaps because CM and CFI usually are observed in early lactation when the cow is likely to be in negative energy balance, whereas NI generally is recorded when the cow is not in negative energy balance any more. The genetic correlation between NI and CFI was very close to zero (?0.002 ± 0.05), indicating that these two fertility traits have different genetic backgrounds. All genetic correlations between PY and the functional traits were moderate and unfavourable, ranging from 0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.47 ± 0.03. In addition, the effect of including genetic and phenotypic correlations between the trait groups milk production, udder health and female fertility on the accuracy of the selection index was quantified for a heifer, a cow and a proven bull. The difference between the accuracy obtained by multi‐trait and single‐trait evaluations was largest for the cow (0.012) and small for the heifer and the bull (0.006 and 0.004) because the phenotype of the cow for one trait could assist in predicting the Mendelian sampling term for a correlated trait.     

球康对兔球虫病的疗效评价

将40只30~45日龄健康日本大耳白兔随机分成4组,即不感染不给药组()、感染不给药组()、盐霉素组()和球康组(),每组10只。除组兔外,其余3组试验兔均按每100g体质量口服接种球虫卵囊5×104个。根据临床症状、病理变化、增重及OPG值等指标进行药物疗效判定,并对感染球虫前后血液学数值的动态变化进行测定。结果表明,球康能减轻家兔感染球虫后的肠道出血,调节机体非特异性免疫应答,对球虫病的治愈率达100%。     

兽药监管效益评估指标体系研究

为有效评估兽药监管工作,应用平衡计分卡法和德尔菲法,初步建立了一套较为科学、全面、新颖的兽药监管效益评估指标体系,优化筛选的一级指标有14项,二级指标有25项,为下一步开展兽药监管效益评估奠定基础。     

77份裸燕麦品种籽粒相关性状分析北大核心CSCD

对77份裸燕麦品种籽粒品质等相关性状进行测定,运用聚类分析方法对测定指标进行分类比较,并采用灰色关联度进行综合评价,以期筛选出籽粒性状在青海表现良好的裸燕麦品种。主要研究结果如下:1)供试燕麦品种千粒重变异系数最高为49.29%,籽粒粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量变异系数相对较低,分别为12.23%和9.83%;千粒重与籽粒长度、宽度和直径呈极显著正相关;籽粒含水率与粗蛋白、淀粉含量呈极显著负相关,籽粒粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量呈极显著负相关;2)灰色关联分析表明77份裸燕麦品种籽粒性状综合评价较高的3个品种分别为5号(0.679)、73号(0.676)和26号(0.649);3)供试燕麦性状聚类分析表明,77份裸燕麦品种可被分成6个类群,其中类群Ⅵ中综合评价前10的品种占70%,包括综合评价较高的3个品种(5号、73号和26号),可考虑作为优异燕麦品种的选择区域。     

引种草坪草的适应性评价及病害和草害

1997～1998年，对引自丹麦的草地早熟禾、黑麦草、高羊茅、羊茅、紫羊茅、匍匐剪股颖和白三叶等草坪草的品种在兰州市进行了适应性评价。观测、记载了草坪的成坪期、密度、盖度、颜色、质地、越冬率、越夏率、返青期、枯黄期、青缘期等性状；调查了病害的发病率，并对病株进行了病原物的分离、培养和鉴定，统计了各品种带菌率和真菌的分离率；调查了草坪建植与生长过程中的杂草种类和危害程度。结果表明：除Pichwick和Juventus黑麦草以外的所有参试品种均可在兰州地区种植。其中，白三叶的综合性状最好，具有质地柔滑、成坪较快、覆盖度高、枯黄期晚等特点；其次为ORNAMENTAL和SPORT2个混配型草种，成坪快，但抗病性较差；其余各品种建坪后表现好，但成坪速度较慢。草坪生长过程中的主要病害为交链孢叶斑病、离蠕孢叶斑病、德氏霉叶斑病、壳二孢叶枯病、壳二孢叶斑病、镰刀菌枯萎病和叶点霉叶斑病。苗期主要杂革为狗尾草和田旋花。     

Toxicology Test and Safety Evaluation of Cefquinome Sulfate Liposomes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the cefquinome sulfate liposomes by using the acute toxicity test, local irritation test and chronic toxicity test. The results showed that the LD₅₀ of cefquinome sulfate liposomes was 639.73 mg/kg after intramuscular injection of its suspension and 95% confidence interval was 573.06 to 714.17 mg/kg. There was no significant stimulation to muscle. Subchronic toxicity test showed that the weight, haematological indexes and biochemical criterion of rabbits in variety dose had no significant difference compared with normal group (P>0.05). There was no visible pathological changes on the liver,kidney histology. According to pathological observation, the structure of liver and kidney were clear in treated and middle dose groups,but there existed disorganized hepatic cell cord in the liver and hemorrhag between glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial and hepatic sinusoids in high dose group. All results proved that the cefquinome sulfate liposomes was safe and reliable based on the animal experiments.     

灰色系统理论在燕麦抗倒伏综合评价中的应用

运用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度法对20个燕麦Avena sativa品种(系)的抗倒伏性进行综合评价,同时利用综合评价值与各指标进行最优回归方程模型的拟合。结果表明,青永久343的综合评价值最高,抗倒伏性最好;甘肃黄燕麦的综合评价值最低,最易倒伏,这与燕麦田间倒伏调查结果基本吻合。各指标中穗长倒数、株高构成指数、弹力和2~3茎节鲜质量4个指标对燕麦抗倒伏性有显著影响。     

22份禾本科牧草种质适应性评价

对22份澳大利亚引进牧草种质进行试验评价,通过对产量、株高、长势、存活株数、分枝分蘖数、萌发能力、病级和虫级等指标的测定,并利用灰色关联度分析与主成分分析法综合评价其适应性,结果表明,各参试牧草中,产量最高的为俯仰臂形草Brachiaria decumbens、卡松古拉狗尾草Setaria anceps Kazungula、湿生臂形草B. humidicola、坚尼草Paspalum maximum、珊状臂形草B. brizantha Mekong、卡琳达罗得虎尾草Chloris gayana PIONEER Rhodes和甘巴草Andropogon gayana GAMB;综合评价中,适应性最强的牧草为坚尼草、俯仰臂形草、甘巴草、卡松古拉狗尾草。     

日粮添加蚂蚁粉对鸡蛋品质影响的研究

试验选用360只55周龄农大3号矮小蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,三层阶梯式笼养.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别添加1%、2%、3%的蚂蚁粉.预饲期5 d,正饲期28 d,试验结束时进行蛋品质测定以及品尝试验,研究蚂蚁粉对蛋品质以及品尝者感官评价的影响.结果表明:蛋品质试验中,3%试验组比对照组蛋黄色泽高7.08%(P＜0.01),蛋白高度高15.09%(P＜0.05),添加蚂蚁粉对蛋重、蛋黄重以及蛋黄比没有明显影响(P＞0.05),而蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋壳重、料蛋比以及产蛋率也无明显变化.品尝试验中,品尝者对鸡蛋气味、蛋黄色泽和口感进行评价,认为4组间气味和口感无显著差异,虽然在蛋黄色泽上,1%试验组与对照组差异最大,但2%试验组的蛋黄色泽却更受品尝者欢迎.