强优势杂交稻新组合在云南的产量潜力及适应性探究

本研究以云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所选育出的3个杂交籼稻新组合HWHR1、HWHR2、HWHR3为参试品种,绵优725为对照,在云南省水富县、华坪县、芒市3个不同籼稻种植区开展品比试验及生产试验,对主要经济性状及产量表现进行比较分析。结果表明,3个参试品种中,HWHR2综合表现良好,增产点次率大于65%,小区品比试验平均产量12 467.0 kg/hm2,比对照增产3.3%,生产试验产量13 501.5 kg/hm2,比对照增产9.2%,在云南不同籼稻区具有较好产量潜力和适应性。高产广适杂交稻新品种的选育对保障粮食安全具有重要意义,进行生产潜力及适应性研究有助于新品种的推广应用。     

品种对双季玉米早春季和晚夏季的适应性研究

双季玉米是近年来一种新型种植模式,为探索品种对季节的适应性及筛选适合双季玉米种植的品种,2008—2010年分别在山东莱州、河南焦作和新乡进行了研究。结果表明,不同地区不同年份早春季与晚夏季的生长条件不同,对品种各生育的影响不相同;大多数品种早春季产量高于晚夏季产量;两季产量主要为中等水平(5 737~8 639 kg hm^-2),占供试品种的33.2%;在品种选择中,穗粒数与品种选择无关,而生育期是重要指标;早春季选用品种益农103具有高产稳产的特点,晚夏季选用品种郑单958可以确保第二季达到稳产。同时,以同一品种对早春和晚夏的适应性来考察品种对环境的适应性,也更能体现品种综合性能的优良程度。     

伊犁地区玉米制种的气候适应性与玉米制种产业的发展前景

比较国内几个玉米产区气候条件对玉米制种的适应性，以及伊犁年际气候条件对玉米制种的适应性表明，伊犁地区适合玉米制种，玉米制种具有较大的发展空间。     

十种藤本植物边坡适应性研究

对边坡10种藤本植物的移栽成活率、植被覆盖度、萌蘖性能、苗长等性状进行了研究.结果表明:10种植物都能适合边坡条件,其中地枇杷、爬山虎、扶芳藤在边坡环境下表现最优,其次为薜荔、常春油麻藤.由此表明,地枇杷、扶芳藤适宜在边坡生长,具有较高的推广价值.     

广西蔗区引进甘蔗品种（系）的比较试验

为了筛选适应广西蔗区地理环境、稳产高糖的甘蔗品种,实现品种多样化,提高应对病虫害、气候环境变化等不利因素的能力,在前期引进栽培试验的基础上,将筛选出的3个甘蔗品种（系）进行适应性和农艺性状的观测分析。通过一年新植一年宿根的比较试验,发现凉蔗02-6、凉蔗03-81的农艺性状与当前主栽品种新台糖22号（CK）综合比较具有一定的优势。其中凉蔗02-6的分蘖率、株高、茎径、有效茎、甘蔗产量等性状都优于CK,蔗糖分与CK相当,新植、宿根凉蔗02-6产糖量分别比CK高约2.08t/hm ²、2.86t/hm ²且差异显著;凉蔗03-81甘蔗产量和产糖量等性状显著优于CK,但是蔗糖分显著低于CK,制糖成本较高,影响制糖企业效益。此外,对不同甘蔗品种（系）生长的跟踪观测发现,凉蔗02-6具有较强的抗旱抗寒能力。     

An integrated sustainability assessment of mediterranean sheep farms with different degrees of intensification

In the European Mediterranean basin, pasture-based sheep farming systems are mostly located in marginal/High Nature Value areas. These production systems are multifunctional, and their economic, environmental and social roles are equally important and recognised by policy makers and by society. However, the number of animals and holdings is decreasing, and there is great uncertainty regarding the reproducibility of these farming systems, which depends on many internal and external farm factors and their interactions. The aim of this paper was to perform a comprehensive assessment of sustainability in different sheep farming systems in north eastern Spain using the MESMIS framework. We followed a case-study approach to perform an in-depth investigation of 4 sheep meat and dairy farms with different intensities of reproduction management. Critical points of sustainability, including weaknesses and opportunities, were obtained using a participatory process with stakeholders (farmers and technical advisers) that resulted in the selection of 37 sustainability indicators that were classified according to the systemic attributes defined by MESMIS (productivity, stability, self-reliance, adaptability, equity) and according to the classical sustainability pillars (social, economic and environmental). Some underlying patterns could be observed when analysing sustainability pillars, attributes and indicators. A positive relationship between productivity and intensification level in meat farms was observed; however, economic sustainability was determined not only by on-farm but also by off-farm activities. The economic efficiency of farming (without considering subsidies) was mainly explained by the capture of added value in the dairy systems and the combination of high animal productivity as well as high forage and feed self-sufficiency in the meat systems. Social issues were also central to explaining sustainability at the farm level, including the prospects of generational turnover and the manner in which farmers perceive and rate their activity. A clear trade-off between economic and environmental indicators was observed, i.e., the higher the economic sustainability, the lower the environmental sustainability. Each farm scored differently for diverse attributes, pillars and individual indicators. The scores differed according to size, structure, resource availability and managerial skills, which implies that it would be difficult to apply a holistic sustainability analysis to farming systems instead of individual farms. A number of methodological questions arose during the evaluation process relative to the stakeholders perception of these indicators, their relevance and meaning, the reference values for comparison, or their validity to assess sustainability across spatial and temporal scales. These questions are discussed in the paper.     

褐飞虱在适应抗性水稻品种“IR26”过程中的氨基酸含量变化

本试验研究了褐飞虱在适应抗性水稻品种“IR26”过程中体内游离氨基酸含量的变化规律,结果表明,“IR26”植株的叶鞘和伤流液中氨基酸总量分别比感虫水稻品种“TN1”植株的低3．78％和3．05％。除苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸外,褐飞虱在“IR26”上取食第2代时体内其他氨基酸含量均升高,从第3代开始下降。饲养在“TN1”上的褐飞虱转移到“IR26”上取食后,其蜜露中氨基酸除天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和胱氨酸外,其他游离氨基酸含量均上升。而在“IR26”上取食3代的褐飞虱转移到“TN1”上取食,其蜜露中的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量下降,但氨基酸总量相差不大。     

伪钝绥螨对北方环境条件适应性的研究

伪钝绥螨在11.23～36℃的温度范围内均能正常生长,但在30℃以上产卵量降低一半.相对湿度70%以上是其生育的适宜湿度,低湿度下卵的孵化率低,是影响成活率的主要原因.但低湿度并不影响卵的胚胎发育,而是阻碍幼螨的孵化,只要在卵期的最后7～10小时有适宜的湿度,仍有很高的孵化率.该螨取食山楂叶螨或朱砂叶螨均能正常生育,取食苹果、桃的花粉,其产卵量和发育速度与取食叶螨无显著差异.根据伪钝绥螨对环境的要求及我国北方苹果园的生态条件,作者认为有可能在渤海湾一带的苹果产区定居,并能对害螨发挥较好的控制作用.     

基于约束满足问题的产品配置方法

提出了一种基于约束满足问题(constraint satisfaction problem,简称CSP)的产品配置方法,论证了基于CSP的产品配置方法能够很好地表示产品配置问题,同时具有良好的适应性和通用性。以某型叉车门架管路系统为例进行了基于CSP的仿真配置并分析了配置的过程,根据配置结果,基于CSP的产品配置方法能够实现准确、有效的产品配置。     

广东适生樱花及其园林应用

在对樱花作系统调查、引种、筛选和试种的基础上,推介适合广东地区种植的‘中国红’、‘广州’樱、和‘富贵’樱等5种适应性强、观赏价值高的樱花品种,重点介绍其品种特征、生态习性、观赏特性、繁殖栽培及园林应用。