不同花生品种经济用水指标研究

研究了水分对3个花生品种(鲁花11、鲁花14号、花育16号)农艺性状及耗水特点的影响，在此基础上对各水分处理的经济效益进行了综合评价。结果表明：花生的荚果产量均随土壤相对含水量的上升呈先升后降的趋势，其中鲁花11号和花育16号在土壤相对含水量70％时荚果产量最大，而鲁花14号的荚果产量在土壤相对含水量60％最大。耗水量与水分生产率呈负相关，鲁花11的抗旱性最强，鲁花14号次之，花育16号最差。就经济效益而言，鲁花14号在土壤相对含水量为60%时经济效益最佳，而鲁花11和花育16号均在土壤含水量为70％时最佳，因此鲁花11号和花育16号的高产高效适宜土壤相对含水量为70％，而鲁花14号的为60％左右。     

抗菌类药物的热值测定

采用氧弹式量热计对12种抗菌类药物的热值进行了测定。结果表明,12种抗菌类药物的热值15.63~25.40 k J/g,其中,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾热值最小,盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊热值最大。     

黄灯笼辣椒核心种质资源比较构建研究

核心种质的构建为种质资源的研究和有效利用提供了便利条件。以146份黄灯笼辣椒种质资源为试验材料,基于10个性状表型数据,采用混合线性模型分析方法无偏地预测基因型值,利用马氏距离计算种质间的遗传距离,分别采用2种取样方法（随机取样法和优先取样法）,2种聚类方法（离差平方和法和类平均法）,按照30％的抽样比率构建黄灯笼辣椒核心种质库。采用均值、方差、极差和变异系数4个指标评价不同取样方法和聚类方法构建核心种质库的优劣。试验结果表明,优先取样法优于随机取样法,类平均法优于离差平方和法。基于马氏距离、优先取样法、类平均法获取的43份黄灯笼椒核心资源能够代表原群体的遗传多样性。     

数值分类法在玉米品种资源上的应用

本文应用主成分分析法对湖北省201份玉米品种资源的28个性状进行分析,结果表明,前7个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达79.5%,以前7个主成分为综合指标进行系统聚类,在遗传距离D²=1.50水平上聚成7大类;不同类群间的性状具有明显差异,而类群内特征相似;其中Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类为综合性状较好的种质类群。     

转基因玉米TC1507质粒DNA标准物质的研制

标准物质具有特定量值、均匀性和稳定性三大典型特征,也是其作为测量标尺的依据.转基因生物标准物质是我国转基因产品标识制度顺利实施的关键技术支撑之一.文章以转基因玉米TC1507为对象,制备了转化体特异性的新型质粒DNA标准物质pTC1507,并对其均匀性、稳定性、量值进行了评价和测定.测试结果表明,制备的质粒DNA标准物...     

鱼糜制品中基因组DNA提取方法的比较

将分别采用普通酚-氯仿抽提法和试剂盒(柱吸附法)提取DNA的两种方法加以比较,以确定最适提取鱼糜制品DNA的方法.将鱼肉和鱼糜制品作为原料,用两种方法提取基因组DNA,利用分光光度计测定其A260与A280的吸光值,计算比率估计核酸的纯度,并利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA片段在凝胶中的位置;并用线粒体16S rRNA基因PCR扩增产物鉴定所提取的基因组DNA.     

基于成本视角的水质水量双向调节生态补偿量研究

[目的]以黄河流域陕西片区为实例进行水质水量双向调节的生态补偿量研究,为解决黄河流域上下游生态权益分配矛盾,实现流域区域间公平发展提供理论依据。[方法]同时考虑成本、价值和奖惩3个方面,以基本补偿标准为基础,采用水质改良系数法和水量贡献度法,构建基于水质水量的补偿标准测算模型开展研究。[结果]黄河流域陕西片区生态补偿量的基本补偿标准为13.74亿元;基于水质、水量调节值分别为-5.66和6.84亿元;2018年陕西省获得生态补偿金额为14.92亿元。[结论]相比以往的测算模型,该模型的测算结果更符合实际情况,同时也更适应于外部环境要素的变化。     

Effect of Harvest Timing on Yield and Mineral Nutritional Value of Kabuli Type Chickpea Seeds

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are a good source of protein and mineral nutrients. However, there is no information regarding harvest timing on yield and mineral composition of chickpea seeds. The effect of harvest timing on seed yield, some yield components and mineral nutritional value of seeds of field grown chickpea plants in two different sites were studied. The mineral composition of chickpea straw depending on harvest timing was also evaluated in order to explain the variations of seed mineral concentrations in sink-source relationship manner. Yield and mineral nutritional value of chickpea were significantly affected by harvest timing. When compared to the seed yield at optimal harvest time, seed yield was 18% and 9% lower in the early harvest and 27% and 31% in the late harvest in Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. Late harvest of chickpea crops resulted in significant pod dropping and shattering. Generally, protein, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentrations of the seeds in optimal harvest were found to be greater than in early and late harvested plants. Harvest timing also results in significant variations in straw mineral nutrient concentrations of the plants. As the results of this study, it was concluded that the harvest timing is critical for yield losses and mineral nutritional value of chickpea seeds.     

Use of Mefluidide to Alter Growth and Nutritive Value of Pearl Millet

Abstract

Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) has an inherent rapid growth rate that often presents management problems to achieve optimum utilization by livestock throughout the growing season. Both the rapid spring–summer growth rate and photoperiodism that diminishes growth in late summer—early fall creates the need to use both grazing and mechanical defoliation to have efficient use of forage production. The objectives of this 2‐year field study were to evaluate the effects of a growth regulator, mefluidide (N‐[2, 4‐dimethyl‐5‐([(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amino) phenyl] acetamide), on growth characteristics and nutritive parameters of “Millex 24” pearl millet. Mefluidide was broadcast applied at different rates to determine the effect on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of leaves and stems of pearl millet. Mefluidide reduced DM biomass at each weekly harvest, and at three weeks post‐treatment DM was reduced 3‐fold in Year 1 and 2‐fold in Year 2. Percent leaf, however, was nearly doubled by mefluidide application. Crude protein (CP) of leaves was not affected by mefluidide, however, CP of treated stems was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than untreated pearl millet. Fiber components were lowered (P < 0.05) in treated leaves and stems compared to untreated pearl millet. The 2‐year study showed that mefluidide enhanced nutritive value of pearl millet, but at the expense of DM.     

黄河下游地区土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空演变

基于黄河下游地区1990—2015年土地利用分类数据,运用土地利用变化动态度、土地利用转移矩阵,探究不同土地利用类型的变化程度及转移情况,运用当量因子法、热点分析、重心模型、地理探测器探究黄河下游地区县域尺度生态系统服务价值的时空演变及其空间分异。结果表明:1)耕地、草地、未利用地面积逐渐减少,建设用地面积增加,耕地是建设用地面积增加的主要贡献者,建设用地扩张存在侵占耕地的现象。2)从时间尺度看,地区生态系统服务价值逐年减少;从空间尺度看,县域尺度的高值区逐渐减少,低值区逐渐增加;从地均生态系统服务价值的变化率来看,大部分县区的地均生态系统服务价值呈现持续降低趋势。3)地均生态系统服务价值的高值区与低值区空间集聚程度明显,但有逐渐弱化的趋势;生态系统服务价值的重心始终分布在山东省郓城县,重心迁移与两地区之间生态系统服务价值变化差值有关。4)黄河下游地区县域尺度地均生态系统服务价值空间分异受自然因素和社会经济因素共同作用的影响,是不同驱动因子共同作用的结果,其中人为综合影响指数对区域生态系统服务空间分异的影响最大。