水稻两用核不育系C815S的选育与利用

用安献零S作母本,培矮64S作父本杂交,通过自然气候条件和人工低温对育性的增压选择,经过5年10代的定向培育,于2002年育成具有不育起点温度低、理想株型、优质、广亲和、高异率、配合力强的两用核不育系C815S,2004年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.已选配出C两优396、C两优87、C两优343、C两优755、C两优1102等一批超级杂交稻新组合通过湖南省审定或在国家和省区试中表现突出.该不育系的育成,是优质超级稻选育的重大突破.     

优质抗病高配合力中籼两用核不育系隆科638S的选育及应用

利用传统育种技术与分子标记辅助选择技术有机结合,成功培育出了株型理想、不育转换起点温度低于23.5℃、育性稳定、异交性好、配合力强的两用核不育系隆科638S,于2014年通过湖南省品种审定。全基因组重测序分析结果表明,隆科638S含有约56.0%的早籼稻遗传背景,以及约8.7%的粳稻遗传背景,为充分利用“早晚生态型间和籼粳亚种间”双重杂种优势奠定了遗传基础。依据分子设计和杂种优势群理论,按“双亲抗性基因互补”和“双亲品质基因一致性”配组原则,高效培育出一批绿色、优质、广适、高产的隆两优系列品种,迅速成为我国南方杂交水稻主栽品种,推动了长江流域杂交中籼品种的更新换代。     

Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Fosfomycin

Thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels—renewable, biocompatible materials—have many applications as injectable biomaterials for localized drug delivery in the treatment of a variety of diseases. To combat infections such as Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, localized antibiotic delivery would allow for higher doses at the site of infection without the risks associated with traditional antibiotic regimens. Fosfomycin, a small antibiotic in its own class, was loaded into a chitosan hydrogel system with varied beta-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) and fosfomycin (FOS) concentrations. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions between FOS and chitosan hydrogel. The Kirby Bauer assay revealed an unexpected concentration-dependent inhibition of S. aureus, with reduced efficacy at the high FOS concentration but only at the low β-GP concentration. No effect of FOS concentration was observed for the planktonic assay. Rheological testing revealed that increasing β-GP concentration increased the storage modulus while decreasing gelation temperature. NMR showed that FOS was removed from the liquid portion of the hydrogel by reaction over 12 h. SEM and FTIR confirmed gels degraded and released organophosphates over 5 days. This work provides insight into the physicochemical interactions between fosfomycin and chitosan hydrogel systems and informs selection of biomaterial components for improving infection treatment.     

不同无性系斑茅开花特性和花粉贮藏条件的研究

对21个斑茅无性系的开花特性和花粉萌芽率最高的1个无性系的花粉贮藏条件进行了研究。结果表明：不同无性系斑茅的抽穗期与原生地海拔呈显著正相关（r=0.7047）;开花类型大致可分为6类;云南境内5个斑茅花粉量与花粉萌发率之间存在显著相关,花粉量越多,花粉萌发效果也较好。硅胶干燥好于自然干燥和抽湿干燥,花粉含水量控制在10%以内、温度2℃的条件下贮藏10d时仍有较高的萌发率。     

Soil bacterial communities under slash and burn in Mozambique as revealed by a metataxonomic approach

The slash-and-burn system is a subsistence agronomical practice widespread in tropical areas worldwide. This system has been extensively studied,especially for its impacts on agronomical aspects and soil physicochemical properties; however, knowledge of soil microbial diversity under slash and bum is scarce. In this study, for the first time, soil bacterial diversity of three locations from Central Mozambique, where slash and burn has been practiced for different durations of the forest fallow p...     

Kennzeichnung verbreiteter anhydromorpher Bodenformen des Nordostdeutschen Jungmoränengebietes

Die auf jungpleistozänen Ausgangsmaterialien entwickelten Böden und an darauf in Lysimeter‐ und Parzellenversuchen angebauten Fruchtarten bestimmten Gesamt ‐S‐Gehalte lieferten orientierende Hinweise zur Situationseinschätzung, zur Verwendung als Materialkennwert und zu jährlichen S‐Entzügen mit den Ernteprodukten. Die untersuchten Böden enthielten relativ wenig Schwefel. Fortlaufender Entzug könnte daher zu Mangelerscheinungen für die Pflanzen führen.

Bei einigen Fruchtarten entsprechen sich die S‐Mengen in ihren pflanzlichen Bestandteilen, andererseits bestehen aber auch erhebliche Unterschiede (z.B. Zuckerrübe zu Blatt). Das ist bei den Gesamtentzügen zu beachten. Diese können großen Schwankungen unterliegen. Tendenziös zeichnete sich die Reihe Raps > Zuckerrübe (einschließlich Blatt) > Kartoffel (einschließlich Kraut) > Kleegras > Getreide ab. Der Stickstoffeinfluß auf die S‐Entzüge war nur über den Ertrag wirksam.     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR ON YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF THREE CANOLA CULTIVARS

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on yield and seed quality of three canola cultivars, a factorial based on randomized complete block experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in Iran. Treatments included four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^?1 source of urea), four sulfur rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg S ha^?1), and three cultivars (‘Pf’, ‘Option-500’, and ‘Hyola-401’). Results indicated cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits. ‘Option-500’ and ‘Hyola-401’ cultivars had the highest seed yield, protein content, and N:S ratio in seed. The levels of 150 and 220 kg N ha^?1 resulted in the maximum protein content. Increasing N levels resulted in N content and decreased the oil content. The interaction effect between S and N levels showed the highest N content in seed was obtained with 300 kg S ha^?1 and 225 kg N ha^?1.     

一种新发生的玉米细菌性叶腐病病原菌分离鉴定

为了明确一种引起玉米叶片腐烂的细菌性病害的病原菌种类, 于2021年7月在甘肃省景泰县条山农场玉米种植区采集病样, 经稀释分离法进行病原菌分离纯化, 并通过致病性测定?形态学观察?生理生化特征观察及16S rDNA和gyrB序列分析相结合的方法对病原菌进行鉴定?结果表明, 选取的代表性菌株B1-0和B2-1均能使玉米叶片发病, 为革兰氏阳性致病菌, 产芽胞; 该病原菌需氧性?运动性?明胶液化?接触酶试验?柠檬酸盐利用?马铃薯腐烂试验均为阳性; 甲基红试验阴性; 能利用D-甘露醇?麦芽糖和葡萄糖, 不能利用甘油和肌醇, 不能水解淀粉, 在4℃?40℃和5%NaCl条件下均能生长?构建基于16S rDNA和gyrB的系统发育树, B1-0和B2-1与短小芽胞杆菌Bacillus pumilus(ATCC7061?BKS1-108?AUEC29?BP-hd-1?NMTD17和17)亲缘关系最近, 聚在一个分支?因此, 将该病原菌鉴定为短小芽胞杆菌B. pumilus?研究结果将为玉米细菌性叶部病害的研究和综合防治提供基础数据?     

于蔗细茎野生种（S．spontaneum）远缘杂交组合的灰色评判

应用灰色系统理论中的杂交组合灰色评判原理和方法，对16个甘蔗细茎野生种远缘杂交组合进行综合评判。结果表明．N2、N4、N7、N12、N16五个组合为优良组合（一等），在以后的各世代中应集中精力重点选择；N1、N8、N10、N11、N14五个组合为较好组合（二等），其综合性状稍差于优良组合，应进一步观察试验；N3、N5、N6、N9、N13、N15六个组合为一般组合（三等），在没有特殊优异性状表现的情况下，应考虑淘汰。     

石灰性土壤解磷细菌的鉴定及其对土壤无机磷形态的影响

【目的】从北方石灰性土壤中分离筛选解磷细菌,对其进行鉴定,并测定其解磷能力,为筛选高效稳定的解磷菌株提供参考。【方法】采集陕西杨凌地区白菜、葡萄、猕猴桃3种植物根际土样,采用稀释涂布法分离土壤解磷细菌,对分离到的细菌进行革兰氏染色,观察菌落形态及颜色,测定其生理生化性质,并结合16SrRNA法对其进行鉴定;测定各菌株在固体及液体培养基中的解磷能力大小;分析浇灌无机解磷细菌发酵液后石灰性土壤中无机磷形态及其含量的变化。【结果】共分离筛选得到10株解磷细菌,其中2株为有机解磷细菌(Y1和Y2),4株为无机解磷细菌(W1、W2、W3和W4),其余4株既能分解有机磷,也能分解无机磷,为双解磷细菌(WY1、WY2、WY3和WY4);分离到的10株解磷细菌为革兰氏阴性菌,其中WY1和Y2为短杆菌,其余均为杆菌。生理生化性质及16S rRNA序列分析结果表明,10株菌株中8株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),其中WY2、W1、W2、W3与腊状芽孢杆菌相似,WY3和W4与苏云金芽孢杆菌相似,WY4与巨大芽孢杆菌相似,Y2与Bacillus aryabhattai相似;WY1和Y1分别与耐寒短杆菌、杨氏柠檬酸杆菌相似。不同类型解磷细菌在固、液体培养基中解磷能力不同;高效液相色谱分析结果表明,筛选得到的无机解磷细菌部分分泌草酸,部分分泌酒石酸。石灰性土壤浇灌无机解磷细菌发酵液后,Ca8-P、Ca2-P含量增加,Fe-P含量减少,Al-P、Ca10-P、O-P含量变化不大。【结论】石灰性土壤中解磷细菌具有物种多样性,无机解磷细菌能使石灰性土壤中可利用有效磷含量增加。