Acibenzolar-S-methyl Induces the Accumulation of Defense-related Enzymes in Apple and Protects from Fire Blight

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Novartis) is a chemical inducer of systemic acquired resistance in several annual plants. The ability of this novel chemical to induce resistance was studied in a perennial plant (apple) affected by fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (100 and 20002/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg/l active ingredient) protected Golden Delicious seedlings, scions and trees from artificial infection when applied before inoculation. The protection of apple seedlings was similar to the protection obtained with the standard for fire blight control, plantomycin (10002/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg/l streptomycin sulfate), applied immediately before inoculation. The mean levels of control in scions in the greenhouse and in trees in orchards were approximately 69% and 50%, respectively. The protection of apple seedlings was constantly associated with the activation of two families of defense-related enzymes, peroxidases and 02/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-1,3-glucanases. Accumulation of both enzymes was induced locally in treated leaves and systemically, especially for 02/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-1,3-glucanases, in upper untreated leaves, and was sustained for at least 17 days. These results suggest that acibenzolar-S-methyl promotes induced systemic resistance in apple by increasing defense-related compounds. This chemical could provide a new approach of control of fire blight but its practical use needs further investigation.     

甘蔗新品系桂糖02-901和02-467组培苗生根试验

对两个甘蔗新品系桂糖02-901和02-467的组培苗生根培养基配方及培养方式进行研究。研究结果表明,桂糖02-901组培苗生根培养的最佳NAA浓度为10mg/L,最佳蔗糖浓度为70g/L;而桂糖02-467的组培苗在NAA浓度为5mg/L,蔗糖浓度为30g/L时,其生根率均比其它处理的高。在培养基中添加活性炭会降低组培苗出根率。接种后放置在室外自然光照下的环境培养,会延迟出根时间,但组培苗总的出根率比在室内的高。     

基于CBERS-02B数据的森林三维绿量测算

【目的】以北京市密云县为研究对象,提出基于CBERS-02B数据的三维绿量测算方法。【方法】利用皮尔森相关系数分析地面样地三维绿量和遥感特征的相关性,并在密云县植被覆盖分类的基础上,分林型(阔叶林和针叶林)建立三维绿量测算模型。利用模型进行密云县森林植被三维绿量的反演,测算密云县三维绿量总量并分析其三维绿量的分布特征。【结果】建立了密云县阔叶林、针叶林三维绿量模型,其决定系数R2分别为0.724和0.735,总体精度为80.38%,单位面积均方根误差RMSE为1.41m3/m2,密云县三维绿量为523 561.516万m3,单位面积绿量为2.35m3/m2。【结论】基于CBERS-02B数据的森林三维绿量测算方法可行。     

毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)光系统Ⅰ基因LhcaPe02全长的克隆与序列分析

根据大麦Lhca2基因序列的保守区设计PCR引物,采用RT-PCR技术与RACE技术,从毛竹中克隆到捕光叶绿素a/b结合蛋白基因Lhca2全长。该基因序列从第74 bp开始到第862 bp含有1个开放阅读框和一个中止密码子,编码262个氨基酸。在5′端有73 bp的非编码区,在3′端含有234 bp的非编码区和14 bp的Poly(A)。此基因定名为LhcaPe02(GenBank:EU121593)。此外,通过DNASTAR软件预测,该基因编码的蛋白质等电点和分子量分别为6.14和28 095.11 Da,其编码的氨基酸序列与光合作用密切相关的位点包括1个硫解酶活性部位(thiolases active site),2个4Fe-4S铁还原氧化蛋白的信号区(4Fe-4S ferredoxins,iron-sulfur binding region signature)等。通过Blast比较分析,LhcaPe02序列和编码的氨基酸序列分别与玉蜀黍、大麦和水稻的相似性较高。     

OPAY02型标记与萧山鸡及其杂种早期生产性能相关性的研究

以萧山鸡、SR92A系鸡及其杂交后代为研究对象,以OPAY02为随机引物,将探测到的1660.8与2326.0bp的2条多态性条带分为4种遗传型,2条带同时出现的个体定为A型,1660.8bp带单独出现的个体为B型,2326.0bp带单独出现的个体为C型,2条带均不出现的个体为D型,研究OPAY02型标记与鸡早期生产性能的关系。结果表明:B型标记首次在萧山鸡、SR92A系及其杂交后代检出,其频率为9.30%;在萧山鸡群中,不同带型49日龄体重间效应显著,49、75日龄体重由高到低依次为A>C>B,而在SR92A系和SR92A×萧山的杂交后代中差异不显著,说明不同遗传群体的4种遗传型效应不同。     

蜂胶萃取方法对蜂胶有效成分影响的研究

本文以优质蜂胶为试验原料，利用乙醇浸出提取和CO2超临界萃取两种方法分别萃取蜂胶中的有效成分，通过GC—MS分析，鉴定蜂胶中的有效成分。结果表明：乙醇浸出提取法提取的蜂胶共鉴定出30个组分，以黄酮类化合物为主，其中有18个化合物组分与标准质谱检索库对照相似度高于80％；CO2超临界萃取法提取的蜂胶共鉴定出34个组分，以烷烯类化合物为主，其中有22个化合物组分与标准质谱检索库对照相似度高于80％。     

Nine New and Five Known Polyketides Derived from a Deep Sea-Sourced Aspergillus sp. 16-02-1

Nine new C₉ polyketides, named aspiketolactonol (1), aspilactonols A–F (2–7), aspyronol (9) and epiaspinonediol (11), were isolated together with five known polyketides, (S)-2-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone (8), dihydroaspyrone (10), aspinotriol A (12), aspinotriol B (13) and chaetoquadrin F (14), from the secondary metabolites of an Aspergillus sp. 16-02-1 that was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample. Structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially the 2D NMR, circular dichroism (CD), Mo₂-induced CD and Mosher’s ¹H NMR analyses. Compound 8 was isolated from natural sources for the first time, and the possible biosynthetic pathways for 1–14 were also proposed and discussed. Compounds 1–14 inhibited human cancer cell lines, K562, HL-60, HeLa and BGC-823, to varying extents.     

Predicted response of the lichen epiphyte Lecanora populicola to climate change scenarios in a clean-air region of Northern Britain

Studies in the response of vegetation to predicted future climate change have focussed on vascular plants and are therefore largely unrepresentative of wider botanical diversity (i.e. comprising cryptogams; algae, mosses, liverworts and fungi including lichens). This paper presents a study to predict the response of a cryptogam species, the epiphytic lichen Lecanora populicola, to climate change scenarios. L. populicola is an easily dispersed species that occurs predictably in a widespread habitat, i.e. aspen stands. The study area was geographically constrained to a clean-air region of northern Britain. Thus, using the popular bioclimatic envelope approach, the projected climatic response of L. populicola is not expected to be confounded by air-borne pollution effects, or dispersal and habitat limitation. Non-parametric multiplicative regression was used to describe the response of L. populicola to seven climate variables, and an optimum model projected using UKCIP02 scenarios, comprising two time-frames (2020 s and 2050 s) and two greenhouse gas emission levels (low and high). Model predictions suggest an overall increase in the potential range of L. populicola, and, by association, several other ‘Boreal’ lichen epiphytes. Projected increases in the occurrence of L. populicola are associated with predicted summer drying, and indicate a putative threat to negatively associated ‘oceanic’ lichens.     

土地利用宏观监测中国产卫星的变化信息提取方法评估

选取全国范围内5个地形各异的地区,针对中等分辨率的国产卫星影像中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02B)、环境一号卫星(HJ-1)和北京一号卫星(BJ-1),采用多种土地利用变化信息提取方法,进行了土地利用变化信息提取方法的分析评估。通过实验得出比值法较适用于CBERS-02B数据,大部分地区属性精度和面积精度可达70%以上;差值法较适用于HJ-1和BJ-1数据,属性精度和面积精度也可达70%以上。在实际的宏观监测应用中,可优化各种数据使用模式,组合运用针对各种数据的最佳方法进行变化信息提取。