林分断面积生长率公式探讨

根据林分生长理论，结合原始调查数据，对林业生产中的3种断面积生长率理论公式Meyer式、Pressler式和张角式的特性作了进一步研究，并对3种方法作了具体验证。研究结果表明：3种断面积生长率计算方法有一定差异，当后期与前期平均断面积比值大于1.30时，Meyer方法计算断面积生长率高于其余两种方法，张角法则和Pressler法则十分接近，但张角法更有理论依据。     

林分平均胸径100倍圆法测定每公顷断面积的理论初探(之二)--误差分析与修正系数

通过对100Dg圆公式含义的分析,对影响林分断面积精度的2个主要因子:样地株数密度与林分平均胸径估测值进行了误差分析与探讨,提出了样地株数密度估计林分株数密度采用典型选样,林分平均胸径估测值采用目测法等相应解决办法。其中,当目测值有偏差时采用修正系数可使100Dg圆的可靠性进行了理论上的探讨。     

水库拦鱼断面的测绘方法

在水库养鱼过程中，由于灌溉、发电、溢洪，会出现大量逃鱼的情况，严重影响了养鱼的经济效益。为此，在逃鱼的道口敷设拦鱼网设备，对水库养鱼十分重要。为了能正确设计和顺利地安装拦鱼网设备，就必须提供一张完整的拦鱼网所处位置的水层断面图，而断面图的获得一般都需要进行实地的测绘。     

Optimizing any-aged management of mixed boreal forest under residual basal area constraints

The current trend of forest management in many countries is reduced use of clear-felling and planting, and increased use of continuous cover management. In Finland, the new forest act of 2014 made all types of cuttings equally allowable on the condition that if the post-cutting residual stand basal area is too low, the stand must be regenerated within certain time frame. Forest landowner can freely choose between evenand uneven-aged management. This study developed a method for optimizing the timing and type of cuttings without the need to categorize the management system as either even-aged or uneven-aged. A management system that does not set any requirements on the sequence of post-cutting diameter distributions is called any-aged management. Planting or sowing was used when stand basal area fell below the required minimum basal area and the amount of advance regeneration was less than required in the regulations. When the cuttings of 200 stands managed earlier with even-aged silviculture were optimized with the developed system, final felling followed by artificial regeneration was selected for almost 50% of stands. Reduction of the minimum basal area limit greatly decreased the use of artificial regeneration but improved profitability, suggesting that the truly optimal management would be to use natural regeneration in financially mature stands. The optimal type of thinning was high thinning in 97–99 % of cases. It was calculated that the minimum basal area requirement reduced the mean net present value of the stands by 12–16 % when discount rate was 3–5 %.     

河道过水能力减小的原因及对策

社会在发展进步,人们生活水平在不断提高,对农业生产的要求也有了更高的要求,而农业生产离不开水利,水利工程质量、河道治理、水库及大坝的养护管理等方方面面,都决定了水利建设水平及供给能力。本文主要针对河道治理中河道的过水能力降低的原因进行分析,并提出相应的对策,以供参考。     

毛竹竹黄片拉伸性能

通过对竹筒直径的测量,得到试验材料平行段并进行取样,再通过端面扫描进行验证。通过对竹黄片拉伸性能测试,得知其拉伸强度平均值为61.37 MPa,竹筒内以及竹筒间强度变异性很大;拉伸弹性模量平均值为8.26 GPa,筒内及筒间变异性很小,具有可靠性。通过对拉伸端面的分析可知,纤维被拔出的拉伸破坏试件强度较大,而且纤维拔出数量越多,强度越大。     

马蹄形隧洞断面收缩水深的迭代法计算

为了得到计算马蹄形断面隧洞收缩水深的好方法,该文通过引入恰当的无量纲参数并对马蹄形隧洞收缩断面的能量方程做恰当的数学变换,使各种马蹄形断面收缩水深的计算公式统一化,并推导出计算收缩水深的迭代公式;给出判别收缩水深范围的分界流量,即可计算断面收缩水深。算例表明,该方法简单、准确、通用。     

无锡市锡东新区水系规划

无锡市锡东新区水系规划对解决地块开发与水系保护矛盾具有重要意义.本文从水系规划思路、骨干水网构建、规划断面标准、河道功能定位四个方面对锡东新区水系规划中的关键要点进行分析研究,给出相关规划依据、设定规划参数、确立规划方案,可为类似商务区水系规划提供借鉴.