胡、灰杨盐碱地育苗技术

胡杨、灰杨群落性明显，属雌雄异株，是干旱大陆性气候条件下的乡土树种。在我国，主要产在内蒙古西部、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆等省区。其中，以新疆最为普遍，具有喜光、抗热、抗大气干旱、抗盐碱、抗风沙的特性，要求沙质土壤，在良好的水分条件下，寿命可达百年。     

银杏不同胚珠类型种核的若干性状研究

银杏雌雄异株,雌花生于短枝顶,每一短枝上可有雌花1~5个。通常每一雌花具一长柄,上载一对胚珠,最后存留一个成熟;也有些品种具有双果成熟现象,如广西桂林地区梅类型的棉花果、葡萄果等。但有些银杏树上的雌花,一个花柄上载有3~4个胚珠,甚至达15个以上,呈聚伞状排列。这种类型的胚珠系银杏的一种返祖现象,大多早落,有时也可看到5枚胚珠同时形成幼果的现象[1]。生产中见到有些品种有单果、双果、三果成熟现象。本文对银杏不同胚珠类型种核的若干性状进行了研究。1材料与方法1·1试验园自然条件桂林市雁山镇广西植物研究所银杏品种园,海拔150 m…     

Molecular identification of sex in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae rhamnoides</Emphasis> L. using isozyme and RAPD markers

In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This communication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate genotypes of H. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 (5′-ACTTCGCCAC-3′) displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-20911. These results revealed the immense potential of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.     

猕猴桃性别分化与鉴定研究进展

文章对猕猴桃(Actinidia)雌雄性别的分化中细胞形态变化、性别基因的分子标记和性别分化的生理生化基础,以及性别鉴定等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后猕猴桃性别研究的发展趋势进行了展望.     

美国红梣雄株和雌株茎导管分子的形态解剖比较

运用离析法和显微照相技术,比较美国红梣雄株和雌株茎次生木质部导管分子的特征.结果表明:美国红梣茎次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式.雄株茎导管分子具有长导管性、宽导管性、梯纹-网纹导管和单穿孔等特征,这些特征为雄株在生长季节旺盛的水分需求提供强有力的结构保证.雌雄株导管分子差异的发现为该树种的性别鉴定奠定了理论与实践基础.     

葎草水分和光合特征及抗性物质含量响应冬季降温的性别差异

以野生雌雄异株攀援草本植物葎草为材料,12月自然降温为冬季降温梯度,于1日(T₁)、10日(T₂)、20日(T₃)和30日(T₄)通过测定雌雄株的水势、含水量、叶绿素含量、光合参数和代谢指标,分析降温对葎草新成熟茎叶生理代谢的影响,研究降温对雌雄葎草水分含量和光合作用及代谢系统影响的性别差异。结果表明:1)冬季♂株叶片水势和幼嫩叶含水量高于♀株(P<0.05),茎含水量低于♀株,降温对♂株叶片水势、茎叶含水量影响大于♀株(P<0.05);2)冬季♀株叶片的Chla、Chla/Chlb和Chl(a+b)大于♂株(P<0.05),降温显著降低了叶绿素含量(P<0.05),♂株下降快于♀株,成熟叶下降先于幼嫩叶;3)♂株的成熟和幼嫩叶的C_i(细胞间隙CO₂)大于♀株,G_s(气孔导度)和P_n(净光合速率)小于♀株(P<0.05),降温梯度对C_i、G_s和P_n影响大于性别间(P<0.05),降温使♂株C_i增大、G_s和P_n下降幅度大于♀株,T₃时♂株P_n为负值而♀株为正值,T₄时♀、♂株实际P_n均为负值,但♀株潜在P_n大于♂株;4)♂株叶片和幼茎的SS含量大于♀株,茎叶的Pro含量和成熟茎的SS含量小于♀株(P<0.05),降温下成熟和幼嫩茎叶抗逆性物质含量有显著的性别差异,T₂时♀、♂株的成熟和幼嫩茎叶中SS(可溶性糖)和Pro(脯氨酸)含量均增加(P<0.05),T₃时♂株成熟叶、幼嫩茎叶SS和Pro含量下降幅度大于♀株,T₄时♂株的成熟茎SS和Pro含量下降而♀株增加。降温对葎草叶片水势、茎叶含水量、光合参数和抗性物质含量影响有显著的性别差异,♀株具有比♂株更强应对冬季降温胁迫的生理基础。