低蛋白饲粮添加氨基酸对黔北麻羊血液代谢和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

试验旨在探讨低蛋白质饲粮添加过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）与过瘤胃蛋氨酸（RPMet）对黔北麻羊生长性能、血液生化指标和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。将18只体况良好的黔北麻羊随机分为3组（对照组、处理Ⅰ组、处理Ⅱ组）,每个组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂蛋白质水平为12.49%的基础饲粮;2个处理组饲喂低蛋白质水平饲粮（CP=10.25%）,处理Ⅰ组饲粮中添加0.5%RPLys和0.2%RPMet,处理Ⅱ组饲粮中添加1.0%RPLys和0.4%RPMet。结果表明：(1)各组间干物质采食量（DMI）、平均净增重（ANG）、平均日增重（ADG）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。(2) 2个处理组血浆尿素氮（PUN）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）,但2组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组间其余生化指标差异不显著（P>0.05）。(3) 3组山羊瘤胃发酵参数差异不显著（P>0.05）。说明低蛋白质水平饲粮添加RPLys和RPMet不影响山羊的生长性能和瘤胃发酵,有利于提高血液氮利用率;在本试验条件下,以添加0.5%的RPLys和0.2%的RPMet为宜。     

单螺杆挤压对啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维含量影响的研究

通过挤压膨化技术对啤酒糟进行预处理,研究单螺杆挤压加工对啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维（water-soluble dietary fiber,SDF）含量的影响。试验采用正交试验优化啤酒糟挤压工艺,以提高啤酒糟中SDF的含量。在单因素试验基础上,以啤酒糟的水分含量、挤压机的机筒温度和螺杆转速为自变量,SDF含量为指标,确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明：水分含量20%,机筒温度130℃以及螺杆转速150 r/min,在此条件下测得的挤压啤酒糟SDF含量与原啤酒糟相比提高了24.00%。挤压膨化可以提高啤酒糟中水溶性膳食纤维含量。     

不同产地燕麦干草常规营养成分及体外发酵参数的比较

为了比较不同产地燕麦干草的常规营养成分和体外发酵参数,试验以产地为单位将采集的燕麦干草分为3组(宁夏组、甘肃组和澳大利亚组),首先每组随机取10份样品测定常规营养成分[中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)]含量;然后每组随机取6份样品使用人工瘤胃装置进行体外发酵试验,于体外发酵2,4,6,8,10,12,16,20,24,30,36,48 h后测定产气量,于48 h后采集发酵液,测定体外发酵参数(pH值,氨态氮含量,总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度)。结果表明：NDF、CP和EE含量均为宁夏组最高,甘肃组居中,澳大利亚组最低;ADF、ADL、Ash、Ca和P含量均为甘肃组最高,宁夏组居中,澳大利亚组最低;NFC含量为澳大利亚组最高,甘肃组居中,宁夏组最低。体外发酵时间2,4,6,8,10,12 h的产气量均为澳大利亚组最高,甘肃组居中,宁夏组最低;体外发酵时间为16,20,24,30,36,48 h的产气量均为澳大利亚组最高,宁夏组居中,甘肃组最...     

施氮磷肥对黄土丘陵区典型草地优势种光谱特征的影响

探讨施肥后草地群落优势种光谱特征响应和差异,对准确评价草地施肥效应有重要意义。以黄土丘陵区6个典型优势种[白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)、长芒草(Stipa bungeana)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、菊叶委陵菜(Potentilla tanacetifolia)、蒙古蒿(Artemisia mongolica)和铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)]为对象,测定并提取了不同施氮磷处理下的7个光谱特征参数。结果表明：相比未施肥,单施氮或磷均降低6个优势种在“蓝谷”、“绿峰”和“红谷”处的光谱反射率;氮磷配施后,各优势种的红边幅值(AMP)和红边面积(S_red)呈增加趋势,白羊草、达乌里胡枝子、菊叶委陵菜和铁杆蒿的差值植被指数(DVI)均增大。结果表明,光谱特征参数可有效反映黄土丘陵区草地优势种的氮磷施肥效应,植被指数DVI,NDVI和GNDVI相比RVI更适合于评价草地群落优势种对施氮磷肥的响应和差异。     

不同CBI日粮对牦牛瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在探究不同碳水化合物平衡指数(Carbohydrate balance index,CBI)日粮对牦牛瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标和养分消化率的影响,选取3种不同CBI(1.17,2.45,5.67)日粮,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,通过一系列指标测定,明确牦牛最优日粮CBI水平。结果表明：不同CBI牦牛日粮瘤胃发酵参数均不显著;CBI=1.17与CBI=5.67牦牛日粮的白蛋白/球蛋白差异不显著,但均显著高于CBI=2.45的牦牛日粮(P<0.05);CBI=2.45牦牛日粮干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率显著高于CBI=1.17和CBI=5.67(P<0.05);CBI=2.45与CBI=5.67牦牛日粮的中性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著,但均显著高于CBI=1.17(P<0.05)。综上所述：牦牛日粮的CBI=2.45更有利于其瘤胃发酵和养分消化利用。     

罗斯308肉鸡各周龄体重分布规律研究

为了掌握罗斯308肉鸡各周龄体重分布特点和动态变化规律,试验采用描述统计和模型拟合的方法,对0～5周龄罗斯308肉鸡体重进行研究.结果表明:罗斯308肉鸡1周龄时变异程度最大,均匀度最差,2周龄时变异程度较小,均匀度最高,其他各周龄变异程度和均匀度均较平稳;除1周龄体重分布正态性较差外,其他各周龄体重分布均接近正态性;...     

应用多性状动物模型及DFREML法对罗曼褐壳蛋鸡纯系的遗传分析

采用多性状动物模型BLUP和非求导约束最大似然法（MTDFREML）估计了引进罗曼蛋鸡纯系配套组合中4个品系9个性状的方差组分和遗传参数,并估计了固定效应的BLUE值和动物个体的加性遗传效应值（育种值）,分析了测定性状的世代间遗传趋势和表型趋势。结果表明,4个系各性状的遗传力基本一致,体重、蛋重以及不同周期的产蛋量之间存在显著的正相关。蛋重与产蛋量存在较强的遗传负相关。六个世代选育后,各品系蛋重、产蛋量的平均育种值均有提高,表明对产蛋量和蛋重的选择是有效的。     

泌乳奶牛日粮精粗比对饲料瘤胃降解率及生产性能的影响

本试验通过尼龙袋法(in situ)研究4种不同精粗比条件下,苜蓿、羊草、玉米青贮及精料在奶牛瘤胃内动态降解率变化及其降解参数,采用4×4拉丁方设计,评定日粮不同精粗比对瘤胃动态降解的影响.试验结果表明,在30:70(羊草组)日粮条件下,苜蓿12 h降解率(P＜0.05)、玉米青贮12 h降解率(P＜0.10)均低于其它日粮条件下的降解率,而羊草在24 h时表现出精粗比为30:70(羊草组和混合组)时,降解率极显著高于50:50组及65:35组(P＜0.01);精料、苜蓿、玉米青贮及羊草的降解参数快速降解部分a、慢速降解部分b及慢速降解部分降解速率c值在不同精粗比日粮条件下均无显著差异(P＞0.10);精料的有效降解率最高,其次为苜蓿与玉米青贮,羊草的有效降解率最低(P＜0.01).在不同精粗比日粮条件下,乳脂率差异极显著(P＜0.01),以30:70(混合组)为最高;产奶量、乳蛋白率及非乳脂固形物含量均呈极显著差异(P＜0.01),均以高精料组65:35为最高.     

Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.