Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

基于工作流的ERP系统重构的研究

分析了企业现有ERP系统运营存在的缺陷，提出了适合本企业的基于工作流的ERP系统重构的开发方案。     

宁夏两次夏季典型暴雨过程成因对比分析

利用自动气象站站点实况和ECMWF ERA5的逐时再分析资料,通过环流分析和物理量诊断方法,对比2017年6月4日和2019年8月2日宁夏区域性暴雨强降水区域、环流背景、影响系统和物理量因子的共性和不同.结果表明:后者累积降水量和最大小时雨强均比前者大;2017年6月4日,宁夏处于东高西低的环流形势中,强降水出现在低空急流的左前方,低空切变线的右前方,即宁夏中北部,稳定维持的地面中尺度辐合线触发了局地强降水;2019年8月2日暴雨过程出现在宁夏南北两头,是两槽一脊环流背景下,由500hPa冷涡、冷槽和700hPa低槽、切变、低空急流共同造成的,是一次典型的强对流单体导致的暴雨过程.2019年8月2日短时强降水过程比湿、CAPE、ZH零度高度、-20度层高度数值较大;两次短时强降水过程沙氏指数为正;2017年6月4日LI为正值,2019年8月2日LI为负值;2017年6月4日850-500假相当位温差为负值,2019年8月2日为正值;二者200hpa 、700hPa为辐散,850hPa为辐合,后者200hPa辐散中心强度大于前者,而700hPa辐散中心强度和850hPa辐合中心强度反之。     

2012年7月腾格里沙漠2次暴雨过程诊断分析

利用降水实况资料、单站地面资料、FY2E云顶亮温和NCEP、ECMWF格点资料,对2012年7月20日(7·20)、29日(7·29)腾格里沙漠发生的2次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:20:00局地热力环流在抬升、水汽动量辐合等方面为暴雨提供了有利条件,但它们必须得到天气系统的加强和优化,才能触发中尺度对流天气;沙漠的北边界为持续的水汽输入,南、东边界在暴雨前后由输入转为输出,西边界则由输出转输入,水汽源地在南海、孟加拉湾以及高纬地区;2次暴雨过程都在有利的大尺度环流背景和高低层天气系统相互作用下产生,垂直方向上形成抽吸结构;7·29过程前期为强不稳定层结,引发暴雨的中尺度系统是MCC,而7·20过程层结相对较稳定,观测点降水主要由中β尺度对流系统引起,这是7·29过程降雨大于7·20过程的原因.     

番茄耐弱光性遗传规律的研究

在番茄个体发育过程中，对耐弱光自交系01—21(P1)和不耐弱光自交系01-61(P2)以及它们的正、反交和回交后代F1、F11、F2、B1、B2共7个群体进行遮光处理，分析其番茄耐弱光性遗传规律。结果表明：番茄耐弱光性以显性遗传和基因互作效应为主，存在部分加性遗传效应。     

核桃方块芽接技术研究

探讨了核桃不同嫁接方法及芽片大小、芽接时间对嫁接成活率的影响.结果表明,核桃方块芽接比盾片芽接成活率高35.0%～97.2%,芽片大小以3cm×4cm为宜,嫁接最佳时期为6月份.此技术可使当年生苗达到1级苗出圃标准.     

Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach

The quantity of water available for irrigation is getting scarce in many countries and it assumes great importance for assured crop production, especially in view of the erratic behavior of the monsoon. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One-way of improving the efficiency of the irrigation system is reusing the return flow from the irrigation system. This task requires quantification of return flow, which still remains as a grey area in irrigation water management. The estimation of return flow from the irrigation system is usually obtained using thumb rules depending upon the site-specific conditions like command area conditions and soil properties. In this paper, a hierarchical modeling technique, namely, regression tree is developed for return flow estimation. Regression tree is built through binary recursive partitioning. The effective rainfall, inflow, consumptive water demand, and percolation loss are taken as predictor variables and return flow is treated as the target variable. The applicability of the hierarchical model is demonstrated through a case study of Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu, India. The model performance shows a good match between the simulated and the field measured return flow values. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients are high for both single as well as double crop seasons.     

大网目底拖网在稳定流场中的数值模拟

通过有限单元法构建大网目底拖网渔具的数学模型,以计算在定常流条件下底拖网渔具的受力情况、网口扩张和渔具的形态变化.为了提高计算效率,提出了适用于拖网的网目群化方法.群化后的拖网模型为单元数6513的model-1模型和单元数1787的model-2模型两种规格,分别进行数值计算,并与水槽物理模型试验结果进行比较.结果表...     

大亚湾潮间带生物种类组成、数量分布及生物多样性研究

分析了广东省大亚湾潮间带生物的种类组成、数量分布和生物多样性等特点。结果表明,该海域潮间带调查采获的潮间带生物标本共70科150种,以软体动物和甲壳类出现的种类最多,二者占了总种类数的80%,其中部分属经济价值较高的种类。潮间带生物全年平均生物量为1954.26g·m-2,平均栖息密度为1003.77ind·m-2。全年各类群生物中,平均生物量及栖息密度都以软体动物居首位。其Shannon-Weaner多样性指数(J)属中等水平,分布范围在1.419~3.562,平均为2.663。     

管壁特性与摩阻关系

对憎液表面的水力摩阻特性进行了试验研究,实验中憎液表面材料采用聚四氟乙烯,试验工质采用水和7号机械油。试验结果表明,内衬聚四氟乙烯管较普通钢管具有一定的减阻效果,对工质水而言,其减阻效果大约为12％,对7号机械油而言,其减阻效果为6％左右,减阻效果取决于壁面材料对介质的憎液程度,即聚四氟乙烯对水的憎液性能比对7号机械油的好。通过对憎液表面流动机理的理论分析表明,表面经憎液处理后,由于降低了表面能级,使得固壁对液体分子的吸引力小于液体分子间的吸引力,壁面部分流体产生滑移现象,从而达到了一定的减阻效果。