北京农产品地理标志认知的实证分析

基于消费者对北京农产品地理标志认知情况的实际调查,分析消费者对北京农产品地理标志的认知现状及原因。研究表明,北京农产品地理标志存在认知相对较低、宣传力度不够和品质独特性较低等问题,提出提升北京农产品地理标志认知水平的政策建议。     

非农就业、所有权认知与农户承包地退出

为探究非农就业与所有权认知对农户承包地退出的影响,以国内9省1 006份农户抽样数据为基础,在综合分析农户承包地退出成本收益的基础上,利用Probit模型和分组回归方法,考察其对农户承包地退出意愿的作用机制。结果表明:农户的承包地所有权认知与制度规定存在错位,有39.07%的农户认为承包地所有权归农户个人所有,承包地所有权的私有认知降低了农户承包地退出意愿;非农就业程度的升高会降低农户对土地的依赖,这不仅有助于提高农户承包地退出意愿,还在一定程度上缓解了承包地所有权私有认知对承包地退出意愿的负面影响。控制内生性后,非农就业对承包地退出意愿的促进作用增强。因此,要提升农户承包地退出意愿,应从引导农户形成正确的承包地所有权认知及提高农户非农就业水平两方面入手,并在此过程中完善城乡社会保障体系,解除退地农户后顾之忧。     

发达国家与发展中国家的转基因认知比较研究

转基因技术是解决新世纪农业与环境等诸多问题的新技术,但也引起了公众对转基因生物安全的关心和担心。本研究引述比较了美国欧盟等发达国家公众对转基因生物安全的认知状况,发现美国公众对生物技术与转基因的了解程度不一,公众对转基因食品消费与安全的认知也有差异。对比转基因产品在发达国家美国、英国、日本以及发展中国家哥伦比亚和我国公众的认知与影响,表明发达国家的公众愿意购买转基因食品的意愿低于那些缺乏高质量食品消费的发展中国家公众的比例。本研究分析总结了对政府的信任度、对科学的态度和媒体宣传,以及不同经济发展水平给公众判定转基因产品利益与风险认知的影响和可能的相关因素。     

非粮食主产区农户耕地保护利益补偿制度的意愿分析———基于重庆市155 份农户认知调研数据

非粮食主产区作为耕地保护补偿的支付主体,其农户耕地保护利益补偿机制的意愿分析对于构建非粮食主产区耕地保护利益补偿机制具有重要作用.以重庆市为例,运用4个区(县)的农户调研数据,分析了农户对耕地保护的认知,并在此基础上,从补偿标准、补偿对象、补偿方式、补偿周期和补偿资金的监管方式等关键要素对农户的耕地保护利益补偿机制的意愿进行了分析.结果表明:(1)农户对耕地保护主体认知异化、外部性认知水平偏低;(2)耕地保护受偿意愿(WPA)的期望值为1 116.9元/年,远远高于现行的耕地保护补偿标准;(3)农户愿意接受的补偿方式与补偿周期分别呈平均分布、极端分布态势;(4)农户迫切希望建立耕地保护利益补偿的共同参与机制.最后,从提高耕地保护认知、规范补偿资金的用途,实施多元化的耕地保护补偿标准、补偿方式等方面提出政策建议.     

Interactions of formal and informal knowledge systems in village-based tree management in central India

This study critiques the idea of a Western science -- indigenous knowledge dichotomy in agricultural knowledge by examining the hybrid nature of knowledge use and incorporation by villagers in Madhya Pradesh, India. By analyzing knowledge systems as multi-leveled structures consisting of concrete practices linked to more abstract, explanatory concepts, this paper illustrates how information from multiple sources is integrated into local bodies of knowledge about tree management. Practices such as urea fertilization from formal global science might be explained by concepts such as that of a hot/cold duality from informal folk science. Similarly, other pieces of knowledge stemming from diverse knowledge systems are shown to become mixed and matched on practical and conceptual levels. Additionally, several knowledge elements used locally appear to be held in common by many knowledge systems around the world, rendering the determination of their origins in one system or another nearly impossible. These observations lead to the conclusion that local knowledge systems of tree management are better characterized as open systems rather than distinct, closed systems. Furthermore, the constant exchange of material between formal and informal, local and global systems renders untenable any strict dichotomy of knowledge systems.     

欧美20世纪语言哲学与当代语言学研究

语言学和哲学之间的关系非常密切。欧美20世纪哲学出现了语言转向,对当代语言研究产生了深刻的影响。欧美20世纪语言哲学中关于意义的理论、关于整体主义、经验主义、唯理主义与体验主义的理论、关于语境与言语行为的理论对当代自然语言研究具有十分重 要的意义。本文从语义、语法、语用三个方面来分析欧美20世纪语言哲学对自然语言研究 的影响。     

The importance of mother–infant communication for social bond formation in mammals

Mother–infant bonding is a universal relationship of all mammalian species. Here, we describe the role of reciprocal communication between mother and infant in the formation of bonding for several mammalian species. Mother–infant bond formation is reinforced by various social cues or stimuli, including communicative signals, such as odor and vocalizations, or tactile stimuli. The mother also develops cross‐modal sensory recognition of the infant, during bond formation. Many studies have indicated that the oxytocin neural system plays a pivotal role in bond formation by the mother; however, the underlying neural mechanisms for infants have not yet been clarified. The comparative understanding of cognitive functions of mother and infants may help us understand the biological significance of mother–infant communication in mammalian species.     

后阅读时代文化创新意识培养研究

[研究目的]围绕中国高校培养应用型、创新型、开放型人才的目标,在“互联网+交互阅读群+阅读推广”协同认知中,通过利用重视后阅读环境下泛在阅读方式,强化大学生文化认同感和文化自信意识,促进和提高学生文化传承及发展创新IP意识。使学生在不同的教育阶段通过文化协同认知和阅读设计,提升学生具有国际化视野的文化创新和国家文化责任的新一代文化创新型人才。[研究方法]分析中国学生群体阅读生态环境目前存在的问题及成因,对学生群体阅读生态变化进行趋势分析发现,分析大学生阅读问题及对策,打造后阅读时代大学生文化创新意识的培养体系,深入阐述在文化自信和知识创新（IP）的视野下,IP创新的培养模式,创新阅读模式。[研究结论]后阅读时代,学生阅读群体的阅读特征和阅读生态环境发生了变化,交互互动式阅读、碎片化短阅读、评论式阅读、图像阅读等制约了学生的阅读行为,社会信息爆炸性激增,泛在化的信息大量充斥着信息的获取,图书馆及学校文化场所利用文化传播与传承的创新科技因素的干预,会为学生群体的导向性阅读提供可能。     

Clinical feasibility of cognitive testing in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Several cognitive tests have been developed to evaluate specific aspects of human and animal learning and memory. These tests have been used for early detection of cognitive deficits and to monitor the treatment of dogs with cognitive impairment. Thus, this article evaluated the feasibility of cognitive tests for use in canine neurology clinical routines and the suitability of the different tests to accomplish this aim. Fifteen healthy adult dogs were used for the cognitive tests of reward approach learning, object approach learning, object discrimination learning, reversal learning, delayed non-matched to position, and delayed non-matched to sample to assess different aspects of memory. No difference was observed between tests of delayed non-matched to position (3.13 ± 2.23 days) and delayed non-matched to sample (3.20 ± 2.40 days) (P = 0.944). However, dogs had greater difficulty in reversal learning (8.47 ± 2.61 days) than in object discrimination learning (4.60 ± 1.64 days) (P ≤ 0.001). Based on the tests performed, the delayed non-matched to position test may be performed in clinical routine if the owner and the veterinarian have time available, because this test is sensitive to evaluate dogs with cognitive impairments, but requires approximately 10 days of training. Thus, elderly dogs are excellent experimental models to study pathological aging based on their similarities with some human brain diseases, such as Alzheimer disease.     

资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿

耕地低碳利用对于减少农业温室气体排放,促进农业持续健康发展具有积极意义。建立资本禀赋、技术认知的理论分析模型和研究假说,利用湖北省347户农户的调研数据,在测度农户资本禀赋、耕地低碳利用技术认知的基础上,采用Logit模型、中介效应模型、调节效应检验方法,就资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿的关系进行实证研究。结果发现,资本禀赋不仅对农户耕地低碳利用意愿在1%水平上有显著的直接正向影响,还会通过技术认知这一中介变量在1%水平上产生显著的间接正向影响,环境素养在农户自我效能认知和耕地低碳利用意愿间发挥正向调节作用。据此,建议从经济资本、社会资本、文化资本3个角度提升农户的资本禀赋,通过多种渠道提升农户对耕地低碳利用的认知水平,提高农户环境素养。