Establishing an eyeball-weight relationship for Litopenaeus vannamei using machine vision technology

This study aimed to establish a shrimp eyeball-weight relationship model for Litopenaeus vannamei using machine vision technology. A total of 295 shrimp were sampled from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The long-axis length (d), body length (L), and body weight (W) of each individual was measured. The long axis length of the shrimp eyeball was identified and measured using machine vision technology. Continuous fitting and piecewise fitting models were used to construct the eyeball-weight relationship model for L. vannamei. The continuous fitting relationship model was described as: W = 38.865d^2.7914, while the piecewise model was described as: d < 2 mm, W = 0.0326d^3.7363, R² = 0.9288; 2 mm ≤ d < 3.9 mm, W = 0.0401d^3.104, R² = 0.9629; 3.9 mm ≤ d < 5.8 mm, W = 0.0421d^3.0311, R² = 0.9216; 5.8 mm < d, W = 0.103d^2.6226, R² = 0.9457. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the piecewise fitting model (0.0244, 0.1575, 0.5034, 0.7072) was smaller than the continuous fitting model (0.8229). The correlation coefficient (R²) of the piecewise model (0.9288, 0.9629, 0.9216, and 0.9457) was similar to that of the continuous fitting model (R² = 0.9621). The results indicated that the piecewise fitting model is suitable for calculating the biomass of L. vannamei in RAS and provides a novel way of estimating the biomass of L. vannamei cultured in RAS. The piecewise fitting model can also provide the foundation of evaluating the production of shrimp using underwater image recognition in intelligent aquaculture systems.     

制造橡木桶用木材的微观结构研究

为比较制造橡木桶用木材的微观结构特征,选用10种橡木(Quercus L.)为试验材料,通过显微镜观察橡木的导管、木射线和轴向薄壁组织,分析常见橡木的共性与个性。结果表明,栓皮栎(Q.variabilis Bl.)导管内侵填体较少,液体流透性比较高;美国红橡(Q.rubra L.)管孔较大,与外界的空气接触过多,二者均不适合制造橡木桶。夏橡(Q.robur L.)、卢浮橡(Q.sessiliflora Salisb)、孚日橡(Q.pendunculata L.)、无梗花橡[Q.petraea(Matt.)Liebl.]、星毛橡(Q.stellata Wangenh)、美洲白橡(Q.alba L.)、沼生白橡(Q.bicolor Willd.)、蒙古栎(Q.mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb)这8种橡木适合制造橡木桶,其共同特征是有合适的管孔大小,具有一定的透气性,可以与外界空气发生微氧反应;有丰富的侵填体,可以堵塞橡木桶内壁管孔,降低气体和液体在木材中的渗透性,从而保证陈酿过程中酒的口感。10种橡木的木射线和轴向薄壁组织无明显区别。为此,橡木的导管大小和侵填体多少是判定是否适合制造橡木桶的关键要素。     

Disseminated cryptococcosis including osteomyelitis in a horse

A 4-year-old Arab mare was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis, including osteomyelitis of the proximal phalanx of the left hind limb, osteomyelitis with associated soft tissue granuloma of a rib and disseminated, large cryptococcal nodules in the lungs. The lesion in the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx had a large area of cortical lysis with spiculated periosteal new bone and extensive soft tissue swelling. The affected rib had a pathological fracture. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis has not been previously reported in horses but should be considered as a differential diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.     

Postnatal development of canine axial globe length measured by B-scan ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to document the development of axial globe length (AGL) in normal mesocephalic cross-bred dogs between 2 and 52 weeks of age, to determine a relationship between AGL and age, and derive an equation to predict AGL in normal mesocephalic cross-bred dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURE: The AGL of twenty normal mesocephalic cross-bred dogs was measured at 12 time points from 2 to 52 weeks of age using B-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) AGL increased from 12.65 mm (+/- 0.18) at 2 weeks of age to 19.52 mm (+/- 0.18) at 52 weeks of age. The correlation between AGL and age was evaluated by fitting possible variables to a regression pattern. A linear model of natural logarithmic-transformed value of AGL (mm) and age (week) was established. Side (left or right eye) and gender did not correlate with development of AGL. CONCLUSIONS: A reverse transformation of the formula can be used to predict AGL in mesocephalic cross-bred dogs: AGL = 10.847 * age in weeks 0.1653.     

A Comparative Study of Confined Concrete Models under Cyclic Loading

In this paper,four models are selected as the representatives and applied to nonlinear dynamic analysis program for space frames which is based on the beam-column elements using the finite element flexibility method and the fiber model.Park's test on combined axial and bending columns under cyclic loading are taken as the calibrations,comparisons to material and structural member level are drawn and the analytical results of various models are discussed.     

螺旋叶片带板齿式轴流脱粒与分离装置试验台功耗的试验研究

利用自行研制的螺旋叶片带板齿式轴流脱粒与分离装置试验台，以喂入量、滚筒线速度和导板导角作为试验因素。采用正交旋转组合设计的试验方法，对水稻脱粒与分离过程中的功耗进行了研究，得到以下结论：随着喂入量的增加，功耗增大；当滚筒线速度过大或过小，功耗均增大；功耗随着导板导角的增大而减少。     

气门二次调整法在多缸V型发动机中的应用

正确的气门间隙对发动机正常运转、保持良好的性能是非常重要的。由于发动机的各气缸分布不同,做功的间隔角不同,使其气门间隙的调整各有差异。为此,结合多缸V型发动机曲轴配角、做功间隔角以及发火顺序等基本工况和原理,通过实例分析,探讨了二次调整法在多缸V型发动机气门间隙调整中的应用。     

莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械设计

目前,莲籽的加工是先切壳、穿芯,再进行分离与清选。由于壳与仁之间的间隙较小(0.1～0.2mm),莲籽穿芯、切壳后,多数壳、仁仍为一体,人工分离与清选难度加大,效率也很低下。为此,设计了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械,将振动分离、揉搓分离、抛掷分离与气流分离有序结合,实施莲籽混合物中莲芯、碎壳和莲仁的分离与清选;介绍了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械的主要结构和特点;分析了其工作原理和运动特性;确定了该机械的主要技术参数和经济指标。     

不同叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能影响的数值分析

斜流泵具有高效,启动特性好,运行工况宽等特点。目前斜流泵设计时,无法定量评估叶顶间隙对性能影响的敏感性。为了揭示不同叶顶间隙值对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响,给定叶顶间隙选取的范围。分别选取无叶顶间隙和叶顶间隙分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 mm共4种设计方案的斜流泵为对象,基于剪切压力传输模型(shear stress transport,SST k-ω)湍流模型,SIMPLEC算法与块结构化网格,对斜流泵内部流场进行数值模拟和试验验证。结果表明,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm时,可以有效抑制斜流泵的扬程-流量正斜率特性,此时斜流泵的效率值最高;无叶顶间隙时,斜流泵扬程-流量正斜率特性较为明显;叶顶间隙为1 mm时,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,SST k-ω模型可较好模拟斜流泵叶顶间隙区流动特征,性能预估结果具有一定的可信度。在小流量工况下,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm可有效抑制斜流泵的正斜率不稳定特性。小叶顶间隙0.5mm时,斜流泵水力性能最优;叶顶间隙增大时,叶顶泄漏流动逐渐显著,叶轮出口近壁区轴面流速和涡量分布规律显著变化,表明叶顶间隙直接影响叶轮轴面速度分布规律和叶片负荷分布规律,由于受壁面摩擦阻力和液体黏滞阻力的影响,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧的叶轮轴面速度较小;叶顶间隙增大时,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧叶片负荷急剧衰减,影响叶片的做功能力。同时,叶顶泄漏流动区域与叶片主流区域的掺混效应,使叶片轮缘的低速区扩展到叶轮流道内部的主流区域,引起叶轮流道内部主流流动的堵塞效应,产生二次流动、漩涡等流动不稳定现象。上述研究结果,揭示了叶顶间隙对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响机理,为斜流泵叶顶间隙的选择提供了理论依据。