仙台病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

以纯化pQE31表达的融合蛋白仙台病毒EP（S）为诊断抗原、融合蛋白FP（S）免疫鼠血清为阳性抗体,建立了小鼠仙台病毒抗体检测的间接ELJSA诊断方法。该抗原FP（S）不与其他常见的小鼠病毒（小鼠肝炎病毒、鼠痘病毒、小鼠肺炎病毒和呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型）的阳性缸清发生交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于7％,与中国药品生物制品检定所的试剂盒符合率为98％。本研究建立的检测仙台病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法,有很好的特异性和敏感性,为仙台病毒的抗体的检测提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

FP4菌袋装青贮玉米秸饲喂肉牛效果试验

[目的]为了探讨和观察FP4菌袋装青贮玉米秸调制及其饲喂肉牛育肥效果.[方法]以20头18～24月龄雄性西门塔尔杂交肉牛为试验对象,随机分为两组,进行FP4秸秆发酵活干菌青贮玉米秸与氨化麦秸肉牛育肥比较试验.两组日粮水平完全相同,试验组日饲喂袋装青贮玉米秸,对照组饲喂氨化麦秸.[结果]表明,试验组头均日增重为1 170 g,比对照组的892.4 g提高23.7%.试验组头均纯收入为1 051元,比对照组的585元多收入466元,经济效益提高了44.3%,收益显著.[结论]说明FP4菌袋装青贮玉米秸杆能显著提高饲养效益.     

不同栽培方式下小麦灌浆期群体素质的研究

为进一步明确小麦垄作栽培的增产机理,以济麦20号为供试品种,于灌浆中期对垄作小麦和平作小麦分别进行大田层切,研究了垄作栽培对小麦灌浆中期群体素质的影响.结果表明,与传统平作栽培相比,垄作栽培条件下,小麦灌浆中期群体从底部到顶部各层次相对光强增加,以40～50 cm增加幅度最大,群体内光分布得到优化;各层次单位面积功能叶片(绿色叶片)、功能叶鞘(绿色叶鞘)和茎秆干重增加,枯叶片干重减少,尤以中、下部较为明显;穗层上部穗干重大幅度增加,下落穗减少,穗层整齐.这些群体指标的改善,证明垄作栽培麦田群体素质较高,有利于高产低耗目标的实现.     

膜脂流动性的研究方法──DSC,ESR与FP

在介绍差示扫描量热法、电子自旋共振及荧光探针３种物理方法的基本原理基础上,测定了二棕榈酰磷脂胆碱（ＤＰＰＣ）的相变温度,讨论了３种方法应用于研究细胞膜或膜脂流动性上的差异。     

里氏木霉DWC—5纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

采用里氏木霉ＤＷＣ－５和５０℃,转速１１０ｒ．ｍｉｎ＾－１的摇瓶中发酵７ｄ。在装液量４０ｍｌ、初始ＰＨ６．５,接种量０．５％－１．５％,菌龄２ｄ,培养时间７－９ｄ、温度４５－５０℃,ＣＭＣ酶活、ＦＰ酶活都达到较高水平。     

Influence of maternal immunity on vaccine efficacy and susceptibility of one day old chicks against Egyptian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1

In Egypt, continuous circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses of clade 2.2.1 in vaccinated commercial poultry challenges strenuous control efforts. Here, vaccine-derived maternal AIV H5 specific immunity in one-day old chicks was investigated as a factor of vaccine failure in long-term blanket vaccination campaigns in broiler chickens. H5 seropositive one-day old chicks were derived from breeders repeatedly immunized with a commercial inactivated vaccine based on the Potsdam/H5N2 strain. When challenged using the antigenically related HPAIV strain Italy/98 (H5N2) clinical protection was achieved until at least 10 days post-hatch although virus replication was not fully suppressed. No protection at all was observed against the Egyptian HPAIV strain EGYvar/H5N1 representing a vaccine escape lineage. Other groups of chicks with maternal immunity were vaccinated once at 3 or 14 days of age using either the Potsdam/H5N2 vaccine or a vaccine based on EGYvar/H5N1. At day 35 of age these chicks were challenged with the Egyptian HPAIV strain EGYcls/H5N1 which co-circulates with EGYvar/H5N1 but does not represent an antigenic drift variant. The Potsdam/H5N2 vaccinated groups were not protected against EGYcls/H5N1 infection while, in contrast, the EGYvar/H5N1 vaccinated chicks withstand challenge with EGYvar/H5N1 infection. In addition, the results showed that maternal antibodies could interfere with the immune response when a homologous vaccine strain was used.     

FP4秸秆添加剂对舍饲育肥羊饲喂效果

利用FP4秸秆添加剂处理的玉米秸秆与未经处理的玉米秸秆，进行了60d的舍饲育肥羊对比饲喂试验。结果表明：试验组平均日增重较对照组提高29.6％，差异极显著（P＜0.01)，经济效益比对照组提高30.5%。     

Value-addition of agricultural wastes for augmented cellulase and xylanase production through solid-state tray fermentation employing mixed-culture of fungi

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was performed to evaluate the potential of agricultural residues for the production of cellulase and hemicellulase using individual and mixed cultures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reseei. The maximum filter paper (FP) cellulase activity of 13.57 IU/gram dry substrate (gds), 22.89 IU/gds and 24.17 IU/gds and β-glucosidase activities of 21.69 IU/gds, 13.58 IU/gds and 24.54 IU/gds were obtained with wheat bran medium at 96 h incubation period with A. niger, T. reseei and mixed-cultures of A. niger and T. reseei, respectively. Mixed-culture SSF using rice straw supplemented with wheat bran in the ratio 3:2 resulted in higher FP cellulase, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase (CMCase) and xylanase activities, compared to the activities obtained using mono-cultures. Similarly, higher FP cellulase, β-glucosidase, CMCase and xylanase activities of 35.8 IU/gds (96 h), 33.71 IU/gds (96 h), 131.34 IU/gds (120 h) and 3106.34 IU/gds (120 h) were achieved in the tray fermentation using rice straw with wheat bran in the ratio of 3:2. Results of present investigation showed that higher cellulase activity and an optimal combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase can be achieved through mixed-culture SSF in trays. The approach of utilizing negative cost agricultural wastes through tray fermentation for cellulase and hemicellulase production is expected to serve the objectives of: (a) management of wastes which would otherwise cause environmental pollution problems; (b) production of hydrolytic enzymes at low cost and; (c) simple technique requiring no sophisticated instruments with practical applications.     

不同仪器测钾性能及优缺点比较研究

钾的测定涉及多种仪器,不同仪器测钾原理、仪器性能和优缺点也各不相同.本研究对电感耦合等离子光谱仪(ICP)、原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)、普通火焰光度计(FP M410型)和带锂内标的火焰光度计(FP HG-5型)等几种常用仪器测钾的检出限、线性范围、稳定性以及抗干扰能力等方面进行了比较.结果表明,ICP 、AAS 、FP(M410)和FP(HG-5)测钾检测限分别为0.16、0.002、0.005和0.007 mg L-1,线性范围的上限则分别为1 000、3、100和60 mg L-1.四种仪器抗酸干扰能力大小顺序为FP(HG-5)＞ICP＞FP(M410)＞AAS,抗盐干扰的能力大小为FP(HG-5)＞FP(M410)＞ICP＞ AAS,且因盐离子种类和浓度而异.综合比较后可知,ICP适合于在测定多种其他元素的同时测定较高含量的钾,而不适合于测较低含量的钾,单独测钾成本较高;AAS适合于测较低含量的钾,线性范围窄,加锶和高钾溶液的稀释使其效率下降,而且仪器成本也较高;FP(M410)易操作,运营成本低,但易受干扰且稳定性较差;带锂内标的FP(HG-5)检测限低,稳定性能好,线性范围适中且抗酸盐干扰能力强,是精确测钾的首选仪器.