钙锌对蛋用型鸡育成期体组织中矿物元素含量的影响

试验研究了在玉米—豆饼型基础饲粮中添加不同水平锌和钙对蛋用型鸡育成期体组织中矿物元素含量的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮锌水平的提高,肝脏(P<0.01)、肾脏(P<0.05)、胰脏(P<0.01)中锌含量显著升高,而肺脏中锌含量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。饲粮高钙对组织中锌含量的影响未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。饲粮高锌使肝脏磷含量(P<0.05)、肾脏磷(P<0.01)和铜含量(P<0.05)、肺脏钙(P<0.01)和镁含量(P<0.01)显著降低。饲粮商钙使胰脏铜含量(P<0.05)显著提高,使胰脏锰含量显著降低(P<0.05)。     

有机锌对哺乳动物先天性免疫的调控机制研究进展

锌作为动物机体一种不可缺少的微量元素,在加强机体免疫方面起着重要作用。基于微量元素锌对动物机体免疫功能的调节作用机理研究的日益深入,文中通过阐述有机锌作用、功效以及在哺乳动物生产中的应用,探究有机锌单独添加对哺乳动物先天性免疫的影响,旨在探究锌对动物机体先天性免疫的调控机制。     

乳制品与补锌

目前我国存在一定程度的锌缺乏现象，可以乳制品为载体，有效的增加锌的吸收量。     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

Ultrastructure of Colonic Epithelial Cells in Vitamin E and Selenium Deficient Pigs

Pigs deficient in vitamin E and selenium had a decreased contrast of the intracellular membranes compared with pigs supplemented with vitamin E and selenium. Other common changes in the deficient animals included a reduced number of microvilli, with a short and irregular appearance, numerous swollen mitochondria with empty spaces and intercellular oedema. It is suggested that these morphological changes are attributed to the insufficient supply of vitamin E and selenium, though it is not excluded that particular intestinal factors may participate in the development of the lesions.     

磷肥对甜玉米籽粒植酸和锌有效性的影响

为明确磷肥对甜玉米籽粒营养特性的影响,利用不同品种的磷肥定位试验以及磷肥梯度水平试验,探讨甜玉米籽粒植酸、磷(P)、锌(Zn)含量及Zn有效性的时间(不同灌浆期)和空间(果穗上、中、下部;籽粒果皮、胚乳和胚)变化及其对外源磷肥的响应特性。试验结果表明,甜玉米籽粒的P和植酸含量随磷肥用量的增加而增加,Zn含量及其有效性则呈现下降趋势。磷肥投入对吐丝后16～24 d籽粒的植酸、P和Zn的积累(mg plant^–1)的影响最为显著,而对不同灌浆时期Zn有效性均表现出抑制效应。在中磷水平下,果穗不同穗位籽粒植酸(g kg^–1)和Zn有效性的差异并不显著。高磷水平显著提高了中、下部果穗植酸的含量,但对不同穗位籽粒Zn含量和Zn有效性均存在抑制效应。对籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)进行比较,植酸、P以及Zn含量均以胚中含量最高,积累量占比则以胚乳中最高;而Zn有效性以胚中最高。高磷处理可显著提高籽粒内不同部位植酸和磷含量,降低Zn含量及其有效性。综上,合理磷肥施用可促进籽粒Zn积累,而过量磷肥投入会显著增加不同灌浆时期,以及胚乳和胚中的植酸含量和积累量...     

The Distribution of Soluble Copper- and Zinc-Binding Proteins in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Copper-Poisoned Goats

The distribution of copper and zinc among the soluble proteins in the liver and kidney from chronic copper-poisoned goats was examined after gel filtration of the proteins. The concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney cortex from five experimentally copper-poisoned goats were: 550–810 µg/g liver and 190–420 µg/g kidney cortex (wet weight). In general the copper-binding proteins from, both the liver and kidney samples were separated into two different fractions with approximate molecular weights (m.w.) of > 65,000 and 10,000, respectively. From the liver samples, varying amounts of copper were eluted in a fourth fraction with m.w. < 2,000. In the majority of kidney samples the dominating copper-binding protein fraction was the high molecular weight fraction. Absolute amounts of copper recovered in the metallothionein-like protein fraction were nearly the samt for all samples investigated. The distribution of zinc-binding proteins in both liver and kidney samples was nearly the same. The high molecular weight fraction dominated, and no zinc was bound to metallothionein-like proteins.     

Inter‐ and intra‐individual differences in serum copper and zinc concentrations after feeding different amounts of copper and zinc over two lactations

The influence of different copper and zinc contents in rations on blood serum concentrations was tested in a feeding trial at the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI). A total of 60 German Holstein breed cows (38 first lactating and 22 second lactating cows) were tested. All animals received a diet based on maize‐ and grass silage ad libitum. The animals were divided into two groups with 30 cows each. Group A received concentrates supplemented with copper and zinc as recommended, whereas Group B was offered a concentrate with roughly double the amount of copper and zinc. Blood samples were taken several times during the lactation. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the serum were measured and correlations between trace element intake and their serum concentrations were calculated. The mean dry matter intake was significantly higher for cows in the second lactation (19.1 kg/day) than for cows in the first lactation (16.4 kg/day), whereas the DM‐intake was constant in the different feeding groups (17.3 and 17.4 kg/day). The correlation between feed intake in the first and the second lactation was r = 0.76. The copper concentration in the serum was not influenced by the different feedings (11.9 and 12.5 μmol/l), but high variations were found between the cows. The influence of the lactation number was not significant (12.1 and 12.4 μmol/l). In contrast to copper, the zinc concentration in the serum was significantly higher for Group B (14.0 μmol/l) than for Group A (12.2 μmol/l), respectively, for second lactating cows (13.8 μmol/l) in relation to 12.7 μmol/l for first lactating cows. The individual variation was also high as for copper. Neither the correlation between copper intake and copper serum concentration nor the correlation between zinc intake and zinc serum concentration was significant.     

低锌饲粮添加植酸酶对1～4周龄鹅生长性能、胫骨发育、免疫性能及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究低锌饲粮添加植酸酶对1~4周龄鹅生长性能、胫骨发育、免疫性能及抗氧化能力的影响,探索饲粮添加植酸酶能否提高锌生物学效价和有效降低锌的添加水平。选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅(公母各占1/2)。Ⅰ组为正对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,添加80 mg/kg硫酸锌,未添加植酸酶;Ⅱ组为负对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,添加1 200 U/kg植酸酶,未添加锌;Ⅲ~Ⅵ组在负对照组的基础上分别添加16、32、48、64 mg/kg硫酸锌。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)通过二次曲线拟合分析,在饲粮添加1 200 U/kg植酸酶的条件下,饲粮锌添加水平为34.00~44.70 mg/kg时可获得最佳平均日增重与料重比。2)Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的骨密度(BMD)显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的骨矿含量(BMC)和血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01)。通过二次曲线拟合分析,饲粮锌添加水平为51.38 mg/kg时,血清AKP活性最大。3)Ⅳ组的血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P0.05)。通过二次曲线拟合分析,饲粮锌添加水平分别为50.24和47.49 mg/kg时,血清和肝脏的T-AOC最大。4)Ⅲ~Ⅵ组的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01);Ⅳ~Ⅵ组免疫前后的血清新城疫抗体水平均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加植酸酶可以提高1~4周龄五龙鹅的生长性能,促进胫骨发育,增强机体抗氧化能力和免疫性能,有效提高锌利用率,降低饲粮中锌添加水平,增加锌的生物学效价。在饲粮添加1 200U/kg植酸酶的条件下,锌适宜添加水平为44.70~51.38 mg/kg。