喷施硫酸锌对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响

采用叶面喷施的的方法研究了不同施锌水平200,500和800mg／kg对紫花苜蓿（Medicaco sativa）干草产量及品质影响。结果表明：喷施硫酸锌显著（P〈0．05）提高苜蓿草产量,其中施锌量为500mg／kg的处理产量最高。适量的锌水平可以显著提高粗蛋白含量,施锌量为500mg／kg时,可以显著提高紫花苜蓿粗脂肪、粗纤维、磷的含量,对粗灰分含量影响不大。喷施不同浓度Zn处理,除第1茬外,苜蓿中的钙含量有增加趋势。营养物质的年积累量均以施锌浓度为500mg／kg时达到最高。     

Selenium and zinc concentrations in kidney, liver and muscle of cattle from different parts of Norway.

Cattle slaughtered in four different parts of Norway have been examined with respect to selenium and zinc content in kidney, liver and muscle. Highest selenium concentrations were found in kidney and lowest in muscle. In spite of extensive use of standardized concentrates, geographic differences were detected with regard to selenium tissue levels, animals from the southeastern inland region having the lowest levels. According to other workers, this region has low-selenium humus soils, and selenium responsive diseases among young ruminants have been of considerable importance, especially when concentrates had not been given during winter feeding. The recorded tissue selenium levels are compared to other workers’ proposals for normal values. All animals examined in this study seem to be well within healthy limits. Kidney, liver and muscle from cattle are good sources of selenium with respect to human nutrition.As far as zinc concentrations are concerned, muscle has the highest and kidney the lowest levels. Geographic differences were found, and individuals from the midland and northern coastal regions have the highest zinc tissue levels. Cattle from the northern coastal region seems to have especially high zinc concentrations in the organs.     

日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质的影响

研究日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。360只1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)肉公雏,0~3周龄统一饲喂同种日粮(含锌86.25 mg/kg),于22日龄从中选取288只鸡按体重随机分成8个处理,每个处理分6个重复笼饲养,每个重复笼6只鸡。分别饲喂不添加锌的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(对照组,含锌27.66 mg/kg)和在基础日粮中分别添加20、40、60、80、100、120和140 mg/kg锌(试剂级硫酸锌)日粮。试验期21 d。研究结果表明,日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长和胴体性能均无显著影响(P>0.10),但日粮中添加适宜水平的锌可显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失和胸肌丙二醛含量,提高胸肌L^*值(P<0.10)。     

不同锌源对鲫鱼生长、血液指标及骨锌含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同锌源对鲫鱼生长性能、骨锌含量和5'-核苷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,为在水产饲料中合理选择锌源提供科学的参考。试验选用初均重为（3.33±0.22）g/尾的芙蓉鲫180尾,随机分为3个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复20尾。以常规蛋白源设计基础饲料,对照组饲喂基础饲料（93.03 mg/kg Zn）,试验组在基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg Zn水平的不同锌源,即分别为一水硫酸锌(硫酸锌组)、碱式氯化锌(碱式氯化锌组)。以天然水库水为水源,在室内桶中饲喂72 d。结果显示：①不同处理组鲫鱼增重率、平均日增重及特定生长率以碱式氯化锌组最高,显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。而硫酸锌组增重率、特定生长率和铒料系数与对照组相比无显著差异。与硫酸锌组对比,碱式氯化锌组鲫鱼增重率、平均日增重及特定生长率有升高趋势,分别高于硫酸锌组5.38%、3.19%和4.2%（P>0.05）。②碱式氯化锌组鲫鱼血清碱性磷酸酶活力高于硫酸锌组173.02%(P<0.05),5'-核苷酸酶活力高于硫酸锌组59.41%（P<0.05）。③碱式氯化锌组鲫鱼脊椎骨微量元素锌的含量比硫酸锌组高8.64%,比对照组提高了15.66%。以上结果说明,碱式氯化锌是一种比硫酸锌生物效价更高的营养性锌源,更有利于提高鲫鱼的生产性能。     

一个逆境诱导表达的水稻锌指蛋白基因的分离和鉴定

为鉴定逆境应答相关转录因子,以1个水稻EST为基础,通过RT-PCR分离到了1个编码锌指蛋白的转录因子新基因的全长cDNA,命名为OsZF19。该基因编码171个氨基酸,包含zf-AN1和zf-A20两个锌指结构域,预测的该基因启动子区含有逆境应答顺式元件。Northern杂交分析表明,OsZF19的确受到高盐和植物激素ABA胁迫的诱导,而在干旱胁迫早期显著地诱导表达,胁迫后期OsZF19的表达量轻微下降。试验结果表明,OsZF19可能在水稻对干旱和高盐逆境的应答反应中发挥作用。     

单宁和氧化锌组合对断奶仔猪粪便菌群、血清抗氧化及肝脏功能指标的影响

本试验旨在研究单宁和氧化锌不同水平组合对断奶仔猪粪便菌群及血清免疫、抗氧化和肝脏功能相关血液生化指标的影响。选用体重相近,25日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪270头,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮加高锌（3 000 mg/kg氧化锌）的日粮,试验1~8组（T1~T8）分别饲喂基础日粮添加以下氧化锌与单宁组合的日粮：（2 000+0）、（2 000+1 000）、（1 000+0）、（1 000+1 000）、（1 000+1 500）、（1 000+2 000）、（0+1 500）、（0+2 000） mg/kg。试验期30 d。分别于试验的第14与28天采集仔猪新鲜粪样,测定粪便中各细菌的数量。试验结束采集血样,测定血清免疫、抗氧化及肝脏功能相关指标。结果显示,试验第14天,各组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。试验第28天,T1、T6组断奶仔猪粪便乳酸菌数量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而双歧杆菌数量则显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但各组大肠杆菌数量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各组断奶仔猪血清中IgG和IgA含量、MDA含量及GSH-Px活力均无显著差异（P>0.05）。但T5、T6、T7、T8组断奶仔猪血清GSH含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。除了T2和T5组,其余各组猪血清谷草转氨酶活性均显著或极显著低于高锌对照组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。本试验结果表明,与单一使用高剂量氧化锌相比,单宁与氧化锌适量水平组合有利于乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的增殖、提高断奶仔猪抗氧化能力并对肝脏产生保护作用。     

磷肥对甜玉米籽粒植酸和锌有效性的影响

为明确磷肥对甜玉米籽粒营养特性的影响,利用不同品种的磷肥定位试验以及磷肥梯度水平试验,探讨甜玉米籽粒植酸、磷(P)、锌(Zn)含量及Zn有效性的时间(不同灌浆期)和空间(果穗上、中、下部;籽粒果皮、胚乳和胚)变化及其对外源磷肥的响应特性。试验结果表明,甜玉米籽粒的P和植酸含量随磷肥用量的增加而增加,Zn含量及其有效性则呈现下降趋势。磷肥投入对吐丝后16～24 d籽粒的植酸、P和Zn的积累(mg plant^–1)的影响最为显著,而对不同灌浆时期Zn有效性均表现出抑制效应。在中磷水平下,果穗不同穗位籽粒植酸(g kg^–1)和Zn有效性的差异并不显著。高磷水平显著提高了中、下部果穗植酸的含量,但对不同穗位籽粒Zn含量和Zn有效性均存在抑制效应。对籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)进行比较,植酸、P以及Zn含量均以胚中含量最高,积累量占比则以胚乳中最高;而Zn有效性以胚中最高。高磷处理可显著提高籽粒内不同部位植酸和磷含量,降低Zn含量及其有效性。综上,合理磷肥施用可促进籽粒Zn积累,而过量磷肥投入会显著增加不同灌浆时期,以及胚乳和胚中的植酸含量和积累量...     

The Distribution of Soluble Copper- and Zinc-Binding Proteins in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Copper-Poisoned Goats

The distribution of copper and zinc among the soluble proteins in the liver and kidney from chronic copper-poisoned goats was examined after gel filtration of the proteins. The concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney cortex from five experimentally copper-poisoned goats were: 550–810 µg/g liver and 190–420 µg/g kidney cortex (wet weight). In general the copper-binding proteins from, both the liver and kidney samples were separated into two different fractions with approximate molecular weights (m.w.) of > 65,000 and 10,000, respectively. From the liver samples, varying amounts of copper were eluted in a fourth fraction with m.w. < 2,000. In the majority of kidney samples the dominating copper-binding protein fraction was the high molecular weight fraction. Absolute amounts of copper recovered in the metallothionein-like protein fraction were nearly the samt for all samples investigated. The distribution of zinc-binding proteins in both liver and kidney samples was nearly the same. The high molecular weight fraction dominated, and no zinc was bound to metallothionein-like proteins.     

四种草本植物对铅锌尾矿土壤重金属的抗性与吸收特性研究

盆栽试验的结果表明,高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿在铅锌尾矿土壤或处理的尾矿土壤上都能生长,但在处理土壤上生长的植物长势明显优于对照,其中紫花苜蓿的生物量所受影响比其他几种草本植物更大,说明其重金属抗性低于其他几种植物.单位面积上4种植物体内重金属含量均为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,但每种植物对Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu的吸收浓度和分布均不相同,一般为根系浓度大于茎叶.加入改良剂和有机肥(菜枯)使生长在铅锌尾矿污染土壤上的4种草本植物生物量显著增加,植物体中的Cd、Pb和Zn元素浓度下降,但Cu元素浓度反而上升,结果单位面积上4种草本植物吸收各重金属元素的量均有所增加,可见利用改良措施与草本植物相结合的方法来修复重金属污染土壤具有可行性.     

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates alcoholic liver steatosis: histopathological study

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most important causes of hepatic steatosis, which involves oxidative stress. In particular, increased oxidative stress has been strongly linked to stimulation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study aimed to investigate whether HO-1 could alleviates alcoholic steatosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) the control group, 2) the EtOH group, 3) the EtOH + ZnPP-IX group and 4) the EtOH + Hemin group. Liver histopathology was investigated in weeks 1 and 4 after the start of the treatment period. Alcohol treatment significantly increased the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an oxidative stress marker. In addition, it increased the triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in both weeks. Gross examination demonstrated a yellowish and slightly enlarged liver in the alcohol-treated rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining indicated hepatic steatosis, which was characterized by diffuse, extensive fatty accumulation and discrete lipid droplets of variable size in hepatocytes of the alcohol-treated rats. Administration of the HO-1 inducer hemin resulted in upregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression, reduced the MDA, triglyceride, ALT and AST levels and alleviated alcoholic hepatic steatosis, whereas administration of the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX) resulted in downregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression and could not alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis either week. In conclusion, HO-1 could alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis in male Wistar rats and may be useful in development of a new therapeutic approach.