Cytogenetic and genetic relationships between populations of Aegilops ventricosa Tausch

Summary Five samples of Aegilops ventricosa (2n=4x=28, genome formula DDNN) from different geographical origins, were crossed in a diallelic scheme. Metaphase I chromosome pairing of the hybrids, accounting for all the possible genetic combinations, was analysed. Only bivalents were formed in some hybrids, while multivalents were scored in other ones. Seed storage proteins, gliadins and albumins, were also analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the presence of multivalents in hybrids, and on the differences in seed protein profiles, the samples could be grouped into two clusters. Meiosis was regular in hybrids obtained within samples of the same group, while multivalents were present in hybrids involving a sample of one group and one of the other. The evolutionary trends in Ae. ventricosa are discussed.     

山东省菏泽市某规模猪场不同猪群伪狂犬病野毒感染情况调查

为了解规模猪场不同猪群的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况及场区病毒载量分布特点,在山东省菏泽市某规模猪场,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对该猪场不同孕龄母猪、不同阶段生长猪群,以及各生产阶段场区环境,采集猪鼻拭子和场区环境拭子进行PRV-gE核酸检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析.结果显示:在294份猪鼻拭子中,检出42份PR...     

中国野生毛葡萄白粉菌诱导响应VqAP基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】克隆中国野生毛葡萄"商-24"天冬氨酸蛋白酶(AP)基因的cDNA序列,明确其在葡萄抗病防御机制中的作用。【方法】在前期获得的中国野生毛葡萄株系"商-24"AP基因(VqAP)EST序列的基础上,采用RT-PCR克隆AP基因的cDNA序列,对其序列及编码产物进行生物信息学分析,并通过实时定量PCR和半定量PCR,分析VqAP基因在白粉菌诱导不同时间(0,6,12,24,48,72,96和120h),不同激素(100μmol/L水杨酸,50μmol/L乙烯和0.5g/L茉莉酸甲酯)刺激及不同组织(嫩叶、嫩茎、花、果皮、卷须)中的表达情况。【结果】序列分析表明,VqAP基因序列长度为1 377bp,具有开放阅读框,编码458个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量为50.48ku,等电点为8.73。保守结构域分析表明,VqAP编码产物含有2个保守的具有催化活性的天冬氨酸残基,位于Asp-Thr/Ser-Gly(DT/SG)结构域,该基因编码的氨基酸序列属于植物天冬氨酸蛋白酶A1家族,为非典型的天冬氨酸蛋白酶。荧光定量PCR结果表明,接种白粉菌后6h,VqAP基因表达量为0h的6倍多,之后迅速下调;不同激素处理后,该基因也均诱导表达,这可能是由于VqAP基因参与了植物早期的抗病反应,以及由不同激素诱导的发病相关基因的调节作用。半定量PCR结果表明,在葡萄嫩叶、嫩茎、花、果皮、卷须等不同组织中VqAP基因的表达量不同,这可能与它参与了植物不同组织中功能蛋白的合成与降解有关。【结论】VqAP的表达响应病原菌侵染并受生物胁迫相关激素的调控,可能在葡萄防御病原菌侵染的机制中发挥重要作用。     

Modelling population dynamics of Sinapis arvensis in organically grown spring wheat production systems

Although we know that alterations in crop density, crop spatial pattern and inclusion of more selective weed control can improve weed suppression for organic growers, it is unknown whether these result in changes to the weed seedbank that increase cropping system profitability over time. Data collected from field trials conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Maine, USA, comparing regional grower practices (Standard) with management that aimed to (i) facilitate better physical weed control through the use of wide row spacing and inter‐row cultivation (Wide) or (ii) enhance crop–weed competition through increased seeding rate and narrow inter‐row spacing (Narrow HD), were used to construct a matrix population model with an economic sub‐model. Using field measurements of grain yield and weed survival and fecundity, we investigated the lasting implications of employing alternative organic spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) production practices on Sinapis arvensis population dynamics. In most scenarios, the model indicated that regional production practices were not sufficient to prevent an increase in the weed seedbank, even with excellent weed control. The two alternative methods, on the other hand, were able to limit weed population growth when initial densities were low or cultivation efficacy was >80%. Due to higher seed costs in the Narrow HD system, net returns were still lower after 10 years of simulation in this system compared with wide rows with cultivation, despite a lower weed seedbank.     

6株野生植物内生放线菌防病促生作用的初步研究

为了寻找具有内生习性的植病生防放线菌,从采自秦岭的14种野生植物中分离得到29株内生放线菌,对其进行了皿内拮抗试验、发酵液抑菌试验和温室防病促生试验。结果发现,有6株菌表现出显著的抑菌活性,其中菌株SF1对粉红聚端孢、SF4对苹果炭疽菌、SF20对灰葡萄孢均有较强的抑制作用;菌株SG2的代谢产物具有很高的抑菌活性,其发酵滤液对茄链格孢的抑菌圈直径达到35 mm;菌株SG2对温室番茄早疫病的防治效果达到89.72%,菌株SF4对黄瓜白粉病的温室防效达到89.61%,菌株SF20对番茄和黄瓜具有明显的促生作用。可见,从野生植物中分离具有内生习性和抑菌作用的放线菌,直接用于生物防治是可行的。     

塞罕坝亚高山木本野生观赏植物引种试验

以塞罕坝的15种亚高山木本野生观赏植物作为研究对象,以引种栽培的试验方式对其进行了观察,在成活率、开花、结果、生长分析的基础上讨论了其对新环境的适应性,并进行保存结果等级划分。结果表明:太平花、迎红杜鹃、库页悬钩子、接骨木、天目琼花、蓝靛果忍冬可列为Ⅰ级;刺五加、日本绣线菊、暴马丁香、藏花忍冬、金银忍冬、蒙古荚蒾、鼠李、山刺玫有正常开花现象,因此列为Ⅱ级;大叶小檗生长不良,被列为Ⅲ级。     

Informative ISSR Markers Help Identify Genetically Distinct Accessions of Oryza rufipogon in Yield Improvement

Inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in 90 genotypes of wild and cultivated species of Oryza from different geographical regions of the world. In all the 17 primers used in ISSR-PCR, a total of 11 464 bands were amplified at 253 band positions/loci. The primer UBC-809 amplified the maximum bands(1 059) at 21 band positions. UBC-810 and UBC-835 amplified the minimum of 391 bands each at 7 and 14 band positions, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 and resolving power ranged from 8.69 to 23.53. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and population structure based on the 17 primers separated all genotypes into 4 major clusters with a genetic similarity of 53%–100%. The first two clusters consisted of 30 O. rufipogon accessions each. In the third cluster, O. nivara and O. longistaminata grouped as one sub-cluster and all other O. nivara accessions and cultivars grouped as another sub-cluster. The fourth cluster had only five O. rufipogon accessions which can be a source of new genes. Four sub-populations were identified within O. rufipogon and two sub-populations within O. nivara at K = 7. A subset of six primers with high resolving power values were the most informative and grouped all genotypes almost similarly as the 17 primers did. Use of these six highly informative primers in ISSR-PCR is a cost effective and robust method for assessing genetic diversity in large germplasm collections of wild rice species.     

野生稻和非洲栽培稻抗稗草作用研究初报

 盆栽试验测定了22份野生稻和9份非洲栽培稻对无芒稗的抑制效果。发现野生稻DY12 和DY16存在显著的抗性作用，它们对无芒稗的苗数抑制率分别达到46.1%和47.0%，对无芒稗植株鲜重抑制率分别达到66.8%和72.3%。非洲栽培稻FZ24也表现出良好的防治无芒稗效果，无芒稗苗数抑制率和植株鲜重抑制率分别达到41.7%和65.7%。     

中国近缘野生大麦种质资源的收集与性状鉴定

本文报道了我国现有近缘野生大麦种质资源2650份。通过农艺性状、品质、抗逆和抗病鉴定，已筛选出一批优异种质资源。