Phylogenetic differentiation of cultivated rice,XXIII. Potentiality of wild progenitors to evolve the Indica and Japonica types of rice cultivars

Summary Studies of intermediate wild-cultivated plants suggested that the Indica-Japonica differentiation of cultivars of Oryza sativa L. has taken place with the domestication of wild plants. The wild progenitor, which is considered to be the Asian form of O. perennis Moench, shows no trace of differentiation into two such types as the Indica and Japonica. To elucidate the potentiality of the wild progenitor to evolve the two types when domesticated, the selfed progenies from an Indica × wild and a japonica × wild cross were examined with regard to three characters known to be useful for distinguishing between the two types. The data showed that Japonica-like plants were derived from the Indica × wild cross and Indica-like plants from the Japonica × wild cross. The Indica-Japonica differentiation was considered to have resulted from selection of incipient domesticates having such potentiality under different climatic conditions; the dynamics was discussed.     

Natural hybridization between Solanum acaule Bitt. and S. megistacrolobum Bitt. in the province of jujuy,Argentina

Summary Evidence is provided that hybridization of the tetraploid (2n=4x=48), self-fertile tuber-bearing species Solanum acaule Bitt. with the diploid (2n=2x=24), self-incompatible, tuber-bearing S. megistacrolobum Bitt. takes place in several localities of the province of Jujuy in the high, cold plateaux of the Argentine Puna. The triploid hybrids (2n=3x=36) closely resemble S. acaule in growth habit, leaf morphology and floral structures and for this reason they can be easily overlooked for that species in the field. Experimental data show that S. acaule can be crossed with S. megistacrolobum though the crossability is rather low and variable according to the particular cross considered. The artificial hybrid obtained compares well with the natural hybrid in morphology and chromosome number. The hybrids, though almost completely male sterile, are successful colonizers of disturbed areas around farmers' dwellings, cattle enclosures and other areas where the soil is rich in organic matter.There is some evidence that the Tilcara material of S. acaule subsp. aemulans and the hybrids of S. acaule x S. megistacrolobum have some characters in common, which can be interpreted as having a similar origin.It is postulated that S. acaule subsp. aemulans, in Jujuy at any rate, is not a primitive form of S. acaule as thought by Hawkes and Hjerting, but rather a fertile hybrid derivative of S. acaule x S. megistacrolobum through the functioning of 2n gametes.We also provide evidence that S. bruecheri Correll should not be considered a hybrid of S. acaulle x S. megistacrolobum but a synonym for S. gourlayi Hawkes. The new name, S. x indunii Okada et Clausen, is proposed to designate this hybrid.     

秦巴山区主要野生草本花卉资源调查及观赏性状评价

对秦巴山区21种主要野生草本花卉的分布、生境、资源现状进行了实地调查,并运用层次分析法从观赏价值、生物学特性两个方面筛选出13个评价因素对其进行综合评价.结果表明:21种野生花卉大部分分布在海拔2 000 rn以下的低海拔地区,蒲儿根和梓木草水平分布最广.根据评价结果将21种野生草本花卉分为4个等级:Ⅰ级(分值J≥4.0),观赏价值高的种类1个;Ⅱ级(3.7≤J＜4),观赏价值较高的种类7个;Ⅲ级(3.4≤J＜3.7),观赏价值较高一般的种类7个;Ⅳ级(J＜3.4)观赏价值较高稍低的种类6个.     

六种野生植物油脂肪酸含量测定

本文采用新型石墨化碳黑载体涂层玻璃毛细柱气相色谱法对沙棘、黑加仑、野玫瑰、亚麻、月见草、接骨木等六种野生植物油的脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析。此方法不仅能使脂肪酸按碳数、按不饱和度分离,而且可以对油酸及反油酸作较好的分离。为野生植物油的开发利用提供了更为详细的分析数据。     

中国葡萄属野生种及其种间F1 代抗旱性鉴定初探

 在盆栽干旱胁迫条件下, 测定了中国葡萄属野生种8 个种的11 个株系及野生种燕山葡萄与美洲种河岸葡萄杂交F1 代的叶片失绿黄化程度、相对含水量和原生质体细胞膜透性, 并以这3 项指标综合评价中国葡萄属野生种及其种间F1 代的抗旱性。结果表明, 中国葡萄属野生种中: 燕山葡萄燕山- 1 为高抗类型; 葡萄泰山- 1 为中抗类型; 葡萄安林- 2、山葡萄泰山- 11、秋葡萄江西- 2 和平利- 7、复叶葡萄甘肃- 91 和南郑- 2、毛葡萄渭南- 3、华东葡萄广西- 1 为低抗类型; 刺葡萄塘尾为不抗类型。燕山- 1 ×河岸葡萄杂交F1 代的抗旱性表现为连续分离现象, 个别杂种单株的抗旱性表现为超亲遗传。     

野生番茄抗叶霉病生理指标的研究

欲获野生番茄抗叶霉病生理指标的重要数据资料 ,揭示其抗病机理。以多毛番茄、秘鲁番茄、小花番茄、多腺番茄醋栗番茄 5个野生番茄和 L 4 0 2栽培番茄为试材 ,设置接种处理和喷水作为对照。它们在接种叶霉菌生理小种1.2 .3后 ,其叶片的过氧化物酶 (POD)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)、相对电导率、以及叶片木质素的变化情况。结果表明 ,野生番茄叶片中 POD、PPO活性、相对电导率和叶片木质素含量在接种后均有不同程度的增加基本上与抗病呈正相关 ,但各指标变化幅度和时间依各野生番茄又略有不同     

新疆野果林苹果小吉丁幼虫空间分布型研究

应用多个聚集度指标和Iwao、Talor回归分析法对野果林苹果小吉丁幼虫空间分布型进行研究.结果表明:苹果小吉丁幼虫空间分布型为聚集分布,同时对最适抽样数及序贯抽样进行了研究.     

安徽省野生蔬菜资源的利用（综述）

安徽省野生蔬菜资源极为丰富,据初步统计,全省现有习见野生共８５科２１１属３８３种本文重点论述我省野生蔬菜资源的种类与分布,介绍野生蔬菜的利用价值,并阐述充分合理开发利用我省野生蔬菜资源的有效途径。     

井冈山国家重点保护野生植物的研究

基于《中国植物红皮书》一、二册和1999年《国家重点保护野生植物名录（第一批）》,调查统计井冈山有国家重点保护维管植物31科44属48种,其中蕨类植物4科4属4种,裸子植物3科6属6种,被子植物24科34属38种,其中国家Ⅱ级保护植物19种,Ⅲ级保护植物29种。井冈山国家重点保护野生植物区系具有地理成分复杂、种类丰富、过渡性强、珍稀古特植物丰富等特征,还提出保护措施4条。     

浅析野生花卉在北京农业观光园的景观应用

对农业观光园的植物景观特质以及野生花卉的资源特点做了简要概述。结合对北京部分农业观光园的调查与分析,研究了野生花卉在农业观光园中的应用形式及配置原则。并在此基础之上,提炼出适用于北京地区农业观光园的野生花卉植物材料。