食用菌仿野生栽培在北京生态涵养发展区的作用与展望

食用菌仿野生栽培能够有效利用人工林和天然林的大环境,产品天然优质。介绍了北京生态涵养发展区野生菌原始的生长状态、食用菌仿野生栽培的环境优势、仿野生栽培的作用、仿野生食用茵产品的优缺点、仿野生栽培适宜的种类、技术和发展前景等．     

浅议伏牛山野生藤蔓植物的应用

结合垂直绿化的实际情况,讨论了伏牛山野生藤蔓植物在景观表现中的独特作用,对野生藤蔓植物的开发利用方式做了介绍。     

Salinity tolerance of wild barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum

Salinity tolerance of 47 wild barley genotypes and six barley cultivars was evaluated under control and salinity stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Shoot and root dry weight (DW), plant height, membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content, survival rate, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents, root and leaf Na, K, Ca and K/Na ratio, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured. Salinity stress caused significant increase in the MDA, proline content, Na and Ca concentrations of the roots and leaves, but resulted in a decrease in the other traits. H. spontaneum genotypes were considerably less affected by the salinity than the genotypes of H. vulgare. Plant survivability was negatively correlated with the Na concentration (r =−.66) but positively correlated with the leaf K/Na ratio (r = .67) and MSI (r = .68). Tolerance mechanisms such as ion exclusion (Na) were likely to be present in the wild barley causing K/Na homeostasis as well as the much lower root and shoot Na, resulting in the higher survival rate.     

伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子活力及休眠破除研究

研究伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子特性,探究其种子保存方法及休眠破除的最佳方案。结果表明,1)低温干藏和超低温干藏处理后,所有种子的活力均有不同程度的下降;2)顶冰花、喜盐鸢尾的种子休眠破除均对赤霉素响应不敏感;马兰、天仙子、菥蓂、团扇荠、花葵、锦葵和欧夏至草在0.1mmol/L赤霉素处理时萌发率最高,而酸模、毒芹、白芷和夏枯草在1mmol/L赤霉素处理下萌发率最高;3)低温干藏和超低温干藏后,顶冰花、白喉乌头、喜盐鸢尾种子休眠对其不响应;低温干藏后,马兰、酸模、花葵、团扇荠、天仙子种子萌发率较高,而超低温干藏后,菥蓂、锦葵、毒芹、白芷、欧夏至草和夏枯草种子萌发率较高。     

野生动物数量调查方法综述

从论述野生动物数量调查的目的意义开始,对国内外常用的野生动物数量调查的主要方法和发展趋势进行了综合性评述。     

Gene flow from transgenic roundup-ready soybean to wild soybean

A study was conducted in the field of the Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu province from July 2000 to August 2003. The transgenic roundup-ready soybean was sown in the middle of the field in a circular manner for 5 circles, with the distance of 3 m, from one circle to another. Then the wild soybean was planted in plots as the rays of the circles in 8 directions （N, E, W, S, NE, NW, SE and SW）, spaced every 5 m until 50 m. Each plot comprised 25 plants. In the second year, the wild soybean seeds from the first year were planted in the field together with the original wild soybean as check. Before flowering time, high concentrations of roundups （about 4-5 times of the normal dose） were sprayed on the plants and the surviving plants were identified. The leaves were taken to the lab for DNA extraction to determine the unique DNA for roundup-ready soybean （CTAB method）. About 2% of the plants survived, but some leaves were yellow. One plant of wild soybean was found to have the roundup-ready gene from the original roundup-ready soybean. The other surviving wild soybeans should also had some fragments of the roundup tolerance gene. However, the DNA bands were not very clear in the PCR map.     

Methodology for creating alloplasmic soybean lines by using Glycine tomentella as a maternal parent

Soybean breeders have not exploited the diversity of the 26 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd. that are distantly related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and harbour useful genes. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for introgressing cytoplasmic and genetic diversity from Glycine tomentella PI 441001 (2n = 78) into cultivated soybean using ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40) as the male parent. Immature seeds (19–21 days post‐pollination) were cultured in vitro to produce F₁ plants (2n = 59). Amphidiploid (2n = 118) plants, induced by colchicine treatment, were vigorous and produced mature pods and seeds after backcrossing with ‘Dwight’. The BC₁ plants (2n = 79) produced mature seeds in crosses with ‘Dwight’. Chromosome numbers in BC₂F₁ plants ranged from 2n = 41–50. From BC₂F₂ to BC₃F₁, the number of plants in parentheses with 2n = 40 (275), 2n = 41 (208), 2n = 42 (80), 2n = 43 (27), 2n = 44 (12) and 2n = 45 (3) were identified. Fertile lines were grown in the field during 2012 and 2013. This is the first report of the successful development of new alloplasmic soybean lines with cytoplasm from G. tomentella.     

中山市五桂山野菜植物资源调查

据调查统计,中山市五桂山共有野菜植物44科69属81种,占全国总数的11.57%。其中蕨类植物4科4属5种,种子植物40科65属76种。文章分析了中山市五桂山的野菜植物资源特点,并就其开发利用提出了建议。     

野生稻原生质体培养与植株再生

三个野生稻（O. rufipogon,O. glumaepatula 和O. latifolia）成熟胚,经愈伤组织诱导和悬浮细胞培养,分离原生质体,利用简化原生质体培养基（SPCM）,结合琼脂糖包埋,并附加看护细胞培养液,这三个野生稻原生质体均得到了成功培养,其中两个（O. rufipogon和O. glumaepatula ）分化了绿色植株。看护细胞液在野生稻原生质体培养中,可促进细胞分裂,提早细胞分裂始期,细胞分裂频率（3.2％）和植板率（19.0%）分别比未加看护细胞液的培养方法高出13.3%和6.2%。看护细胞液可大大减少野生稻愈伤组织在液体中培养始期的死亡率,提高建立其悬浮细胞的成功率。原生质体克隆在适当的后培养基上进行培养,可以显著改良其结构,明显促进绿苗分化。尤其是L3培养基诱导原生质体克隆形成胚性愈伤组织或类似胚状体结构的频率达32.1%,显著高于MS和N6培养基,从而导致较高绿苗分化频率。