Distillers dried grain can be used as a feed ingredient for the growth of freshwater snail (Semisulcospira coreana) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

Two feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) as a feed ingredient that partially replaces soybean meal and wheat flour for the growth of juvenile freshwater snail (Semisulcospira coreana) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 g kg^?1 DDG (DDG0), 200 g kg^?1 DDG from rice (diet DDG‐R) and 200 g kg^?1 DDG from rice and wheat flour (diet DDG‐RW). In the first experiment, three replicate groups of the freshwater snails averaging 133.0 ± 2.48 mg were fed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks. Weight gain of the juvenile freshwater snails was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, three replicate groups of the juvenile abalones averaging 296.3 ± 1.73 mg were fed one of the three experimental diets for 22 weeks. Weight gain of the abalones was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body in the freshwater snails and soft body in the abalones were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). The results of the two experiments indicated that DDG can be used as a suitable feed ingredient for partial replacement of soybean meal and wheat flour at a level of 200 g kg^?1 in diets without any adverse effects on the growth performance of freshwater snail and juvenile abalone.     

汉代制茶法探考

王褒的《僮约》最早记载了我国西汉时期的饮茶风尚、茶叶商贸和饮用的干茶。中国第一部中草药专著《神农本草经》,不仅记载了茶叶的起源,还列明了300多种中草药及其炮制方法,其中"阴干暴干"是全草和叶类中药材的初加工方法,也可能为古代早期制作干茶的原始制茶法。我国汉代及之前的科技发展与进步,似有可能推动制茶技术的发展和革新。然而,现有与茶叶相关的文献记载太过简单,使汉代的制茶法之谜,仍是待解。     

巨尾桉树皮率估测模型的研究

利用巨尾桉(EUCALYP GRANDIS×UROPHYLLA)实测数据,采用数学模型模拟的手段,研究、分析树皮体积率和树皮干重率的估计方法。结果表明,用胸径估计树皮体积率和树皮干重率的效果与用树干带皮材积估计树皮体积率和树皮干重率的效果相近,树皮体积率的估计精度优于树皮干重率的估计精度。     

薇菜机械化干制技术研究

为实现薇菜(Osmunda Japonica Thunb)规模化种植、机械化加工,采用自制网链式漂烫冷却机对鲜菜进行热水漂烫处理,经风扇冷却菜体,室外摊晾变红后装入揉捻机揉搓,交替使用热风干燥机或者日晒进行干制。通过生产试验找出了最佳机械化加工工艺参数:漂烫水温100℃,漂烫时间3～4 min,漂烫投菜量250 kg/h;揉捻机投菜量60%、压力大小控制分别是空压→20%→50%、转速35～38 r/min、揉搓7次,第一次15 min,以后每次30 min;第1次揉搓后采用85℃热风干燥0.5 h,第2次揉搓后75℃热风干燥0.5 h,第3次揉搓后75℃热风温度干燥0.5 h,取出再揉搓后进行日晒干燥,直到安全含水量为13%左右。     

Effect of dietary dried milky sludge on productive performance and egg quality in laying Japanese quails

The experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of dried milky sludge (DMS) as a feed source for laying Japanese quails. The DMS was incorporated into the experimental diets at levels of 0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0%. Four hundred quails were used in a completely randomized design. The results revealed that the daily egg-laying rate, feed cost/100 egg weight, egg width, egg length, egg weight, shell quality characteristics in terms of breaking time, Young's modulus, work, max force, fracturability, breaking stress, stiffness and power, as well as color intensity and yolk height improved significantly with increasing levels of DMS in the diet ( P  < 0.05), while feed intake/bird/day, mortality and eggshell thickness showed no significant differences ( P  > 0.05). From this experiment, it was found that DMS incorporated into the experimental diet at the 20.0% level yielded the most productive performance and best egg quality.     

不同类型的污泥对土壤微生物性质的影响: 地中海退化土的田间试验研究

The recycling of suitable organic wastes can enhance soil fertility via effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. To compare the effects of digested (DS), thermally dried (TDS) and composted dewatered (CDS) sewage sludge on soil microbiological properties, an experiment was conducted at field sites for more than one year (401 d) when applied to two Mediterranean degraded soils (loam and loamy sand soils). All three types of sewage sludge had a significant effect on measured parameters. I...     

促消化功能性韧性饼干的研制

鸡内金、陈皮、山楂是具有促消化作用的天然物质。通过正交试验确定三者在韧性饼干中的添加量,研制具有促消化功能的韧性饼干。在基本配方的基础上,确定最佳添加量(以面粉为基准)为:鸡内金1.0%,陈皮2.0%,山楂12.0%,可生产出色泽均匀、形状整齐、薄厚一致、酥松香甜、具有促消化功能的韧性饼干。     

Digestibility of phosphorus in growing pigs as influenced by source and concentration of dietary phosphorus and collection site

The current study examined the influence of source and concentration of dietary phosphorus (P) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in growing pigs. Eighteen cannulated barrows (25 ± 5 kg) were allotted to a triplicate 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with six diets and three periods. The diets comprised of soybean meal (SBM) or distillers' dried grain with solubles ( DDGS) as sole sources of dietary P, and three concentrations of P (2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 g/kg) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The AID and ATTD of P were not different (p = 0.37) in all diets. Apparent digestibility of P was affected (p < 0.01) by source and concentration of P. There was no interaction between source and concentration of dietary P on the apparent digestibility of P. Determined by regression analysis, the true ileal digestibility of P was 58.3% or 57.6%, and true total tract digestibility of P was 56.0% or 62.6%, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. The regression-derived ileal endogenous P loss (EPL) was 0.61 or 0.13 g/kg DM intake, and total tract EPL was 0.53 or 0.35 g/kg DM intake, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that both the source and concentration of dietary P affect the digestibility of P in growing pigs.