青藏铁路沿线植物生态资源调查初步报告

通过对格尔木至拉萨段铁路沿线目前生态环境和青藏铁路建设过程中产生的生态环境影响为期21 d的调查,初步总结沿线主要植物种382个,主要呈现出5个生态分区,并提出青藏铁路后期建设的建议.     

发酵麸皮多糖对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究发酵麸皮多糖(FWBP)对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响。选用50只体重为(20.17±3.33)kg的6周龄杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交羔羊,随机分为5组,每组10只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200、400 mg/kg FWBP的试验饲粮,预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌剪切力显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中蛋氨酸(Met)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中的半胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而谷氨酸(Glu)和亮氨酸(Leu)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中丝氨酸(Ser)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而缬氨酸(Val)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)各试验组肉羊背最长肌中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中CAT的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅰ和MyHCⅡa的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且MyHCⅡx的mRNA相对表达量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中MyHCⅡb的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加FWBP可以降低肉羊背最长肌剪切力,改善其氨基酸组成,提高肌肉抗氧化能力,诱导Ⅱx型肌纤维向Ⅰ和Ⅱa型肌纤维的转化,且以添加100 mg/kg效果较佳。     

Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance,egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens

ABSTRACT

1. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cereal types (maize or wheat) and feed forms (pelleted or mash feed) on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices in laying hens.

2. Three hundred and sixty hens (Jinghong No. 1) at 18 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates of 15 hens per replicate according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with two cereal types (maize or wheat) and two feed forms (pelleted or mash feed).

3. Compared with the wheat-based diet, the maize-based diet improved (P < 0.05) average egg weight of laying hens. Yolk colour of hens fed with the maize-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to those fed the wheat-based diet, while Haugh units were lower (P < 0.05) for the maize-based treatment. Egg mass and average daily feed intake of hens fed the pelleted diet were higher (P < 0.05) than of those fed the mash diet. However, the mash diet improved (P < 0.05) yolk colour compared with the pelleted diet. The percentage of dirty eggs for the wheat-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) than for the maize-based diet. The percentage of dirty eggs was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the pelleted diet compared with those fed the mash diet. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and feed form, with regard to average egg weight and shell thickness.

4. In conclusion, dietary cereal type affected average egg weight, yolk colour and Haugh units in eggs, while feed form influenced egg mass, average daily feed intake and yolk colour.     

麦茬复种青贮玉米栽培研究

为进一步挖掘生产潜力,增加经济效益,进行了麦茬复种青贮玉米栽培试验研究与推广。研究表明,麦茬复种青贮玉米苗期短,生长速度快,在北方麦收后及时播种玉米,选择适宜品种和密度,结合科学灌水施肥,可获得高产,高质量的青贮草。     

PEG干旱胁迫对3种葱属植物种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响

为探明东北地区常见野生葱属植物耐旱能力,筛选野生葱属植物耐旱种质资源,本研究以野韭（Allium ramosum L.）、山韭（Allium senescens L.）和蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum Regel）3种葱属植物为材料,采用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,分析其种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响,并结合主成分分析和隶属函数分析比较抗旱性。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,3种葱属植物种子萌发期相对电导率显著升高（P<0.05）,丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3种植物相比,山韭相对电导率最低,渗透调节物质积累量最高,酶活性变化明显。主成分分析表明,4种酶活性之间显示出强相关性。隶属函数分析得出3种植物种子的抗旱性由高到低依次为：山韭 > 野韭 > 蒙古韭。     

甘肃省兴隆山区域丛枝菌根真菌多样性初探

本研究采用Illumina HiSeq分子测序技术,探究了兴隆山东山丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌多样性及其在不同海拔高度的分布特征.结果表明:1)自兴隆山东山土壤分离获得AM真菌共52种,隶属于4目8科13属,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)和原囊霉属(Archaeospora)为主要...     

科尔沁沙地不同恢复年限退化植被的物种多样性

 研究了科尔沁沙地封育０年的流动沙丘、封育１１年的沙丘（流动、半流动和半固定沙丘）和封育２０年的沙丘（流动、半流动、半固定和固定沙丘）的群落组成及其物种多样性变化。结果表明,随着沙丘的固定和封育年限的增加,植被丰富度、盖度和物种多样性逐渐增加,优势度逐渐减小。沙地退化植被恢复演替模式为：先锋植物沙蓬为主的一年生植物群落（流动沙丘阶段）→灌木差巴嘎蒿和一、二年生草本植物为主的群落（半流动和半固定沙丘阶段）→一、二年生草本和多年生草本为主的杂草群落（固定沙丘阶段）。在沙地退化植被恢复过程中,群落物种组成结构存在递进性和渐变性;禾本科植物和多年生草本逐渐增加,植物群落结构趋于复杂、草本质量明显改善。     

外来入侵种的危害与防治对策

外来入侵种对当地的自然生态系统结构和功能以及生物多样性都有着深远的影响,而且可能对地方的生态环境和经济造成严重危害。四川已经成为遭受外来入侵种威胁的省份之一,全省现有20多个外来入侵种。为了防止外来入侵种的泛滥,应当建立外来物种的引入评价机制,慎重进行有意引种;加强口岸管理,防止外来入侵种通过贸易途径无意引入,同时采取措施控制已经产生危害的外来入侵种。     

福建黄兔开发利用及配套技术研究

福建黄兔是福建省优良地方畜禽品种,2006年已被列入国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录。福建黄兔具有耐粗饲、繁殖性能好、抗病力强等优点,其野性强,肉质口味好,药用价值高,但因其体型小,生长速度慢,影响了经济效益和保种利用。通过研究养殖配套技术:中草药免疫调节剂的研究应用、高产优质牧草栽培生产技术、福建黄兔的保健功效开发研究、实施“兔-沼-草(果)”工程模式,探索一条提高养兔经济效益,进而促进保种工作的新思路。     

The influence of fire on rodent abundance at the N’washitshumbe enclosure site,Kruger National Park,South Africa

The relative population numbers of rodents were studied in nine habitats in and outside the N’washitshumbe enclosure site, Kruger National Park, before and after burning the firebreaks that surround the enclosure. Trap success was exceptionally high, and the field work is suspected to have coincided with a Mastomys population explosion. This genus dominated the small mammal communities before and after the burn, and never disappeared from the burnt patches. Its numbers also did not crash directly after the burn, as have been reported in most other studies. Movement from the burnt areas was observed, which may have had a significant impact on the numbers of rodents caught both inside the enclosure and in the more natural areas outside. Our study suggests that fire can be investigated as a tool to keep rodent densities down in areas where they are nuisance animals, especially when used in conjunction with models that forecast outbreaks of Mastomys. It also emphasizes the value of long-term studies informing management strategies for animal damage control and biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.