Hydration behavior and compressive strength of cement mixed with exploded wood fiber strand obtained by the water-vapor explosion process

Poor compatibility was found between exploded wood fiber strand (WFS) and cement due to the excessive presence of water-soluble degraded polysaccharides in extractives of exploded WFS obtained from weathered wood waste treated by the water-vapor explosion process (WVEP). This study presents some comparative results from a continuing investigation on the compressive strengths of exploded WFS–cement mixtures. Based on results previously obtained with the hydration test, the relation between hydration behavior and compressive strength of the mixture was explored. In addition, the effect of the curing age on compressive strength development of the mixture with selected additive chemicals was examined. The results supported the results of early studies with hydration tests indicating that adding MgCl₂ to the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed with quick-curing cement or ordinary Portland cement and a composite of MgCl₂ + CaO added to the mixture of exploded WFS and furnace-slag cement effectively improved the hydration behaviors; it greatly enhanced the compressive strengths of mixtures as well. Compressive strengths were strongly correlated to maximum hydration temperatures (T_max) of wood–cement mixtures influenced by the cement type, wood wastes (treated or not with WVEP), additive chemicals, and their content levels. The results also indicated that adding selected chemicals had no significant effect on compressive strength among the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed, respectively, with three types of cement at a curing age of 180 days. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the hydration products and to probe the element distribution of the mixture in the wood–cement interface zone from a fractured surface.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

品种对双季玉米早春季和晚夏季的适应性研究

双季玉米是近年来一种新型种植模式,为探索品种对季节的适应性及筛选适合双季玉米种植的品种,2008—2010年分别在山东莱州、河南焦作和新乡进行了研究。结果表明,不同地区不同年份早春季与晚夏季的生长条件不同,对品种各生育的影响不相同;大多数品种早春季产量高于晚夏季产量;两季产量主要为中等水平(5 737~8 639 kg hm^-2),占供试品种的33.2%;在品种选择中,穗粒数与品种选择无关,而生育期是重要指标;早春季选用品种益农103具有高产稳产的特点,晚夏季选用品种郑单958可以确保第二季达到稳产。同时,以同一品种对早春和晚夏的适应性来考察品种对环境的适应性,也更能体现品种综合性能的优良程度。     

IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112 dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%, 39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it. Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.     

内蒙古红干椒RAPD反应体系的正交优化

以内蒙古开鲁县12个红干椒品种为材料,采用改良的CTAB法提取基因组DNA,通过采用正交优化设计方法,对红干椒RAPD反应条件进行了优化。试验结果表明,最佳红干椒RAPD的反应体系(25μL)为:PCR染料2.0μL,MgCl22.0 mmol·L-1,dNTPs0.6 mmol·L-1,引物0.5μmol·L-1,DNA模板125ng,Taq酶1.25U,超纯水14.9μL;适宜扩增条件为:94℃预变性4min,40个PCR循环94℃变性1min,37℃退火1min,72℃延伸1.5min,72℃复延伸5min,4℃保存。     

花吊丝竹ISSR反应体系的建立与优化

建立关于花吊丝竹的ISSR-PCR反应体系,为花吊丝竹种质资源鉴定提供理论基础。采用单因素试验法,对影响PCR扩增效果的Mg~(2+)浓度、d NTPs浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量、引物浓度及模板DNA用量等5个PCR反应体系主要成分以及退火温度和循环次数进行分析,并利用建立的优化反应体系和扩增程序对100条候选引物进行筛选。结果表明,适合花吊丝竹的ISSR-PCR反应体系为:20μL的反应液中含3.0 mmol/L Mg~(2+)、0.20 mmol/L d NTPs、1.25 U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.6μmol/L引物、10 ng模板DNA、2μL 10×Buffer、8.55μL dd H_2O。扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,52.7℃退火30 s,72℃延伸90 s,40个循环;72℃延伸10 min,4℃保存。建立的花吊丝竹的ISSR-PCR反应体系能够扩增出清晰、多态性较高的条带,且筛选出的16条引物具有高度多态性。表明该体系具有较高的稳定性、重现性和适用性。     

姬松茸菌株种质资源多样性的初步研究

选用19个姬松茸菌株,测定了菌丝生长速度、酯酶同工酶酶谱和菌株间的拮抗反应。试验结果表明,所有供试菌株可分为两类,第一类有2号、J1和J2,其余16个菌株为第二类;同工酶试验中,所有菌株在Rf=0．744和0．906处出现两条稳定一致的共有酶带。     

In vitro effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on canine neutrophil apoptosis

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes: PMNs) are essential for the host defense against various infections and are often injurious to the host, causing inflammatory diseases where tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is suggested to play an important role. Since an effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis has not been studied, canine PMNs were stimulated with recombinant human (rh)TNF-alpha in the present study to investigate the effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis. PMN apoptosis and function to produce ROS were assessed by flow cytometry. Delayed apoptosis was observed in the PMNs treated with rhTNF-alpha at 100 ng/ml, accompanied by retention of capability to produce ROS. However, PMN apoptosis was accelerated by rhTNF-alpha combined with cycloheximide. Therefore, it is indicated that TNF-alpha is able to activate anti- and pro-apoptotic pathways in PMNs and that the inhibition of PMN apoptosis by TNF-alpha requires protein synthesis in the PMNs.     

Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Viruses Isolated from Cattle in Northern Italy

Following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern Italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of BVD genotype II virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in Italy became highly relevant. For this purpose, the genotype of 78 BVDV-positive specimens, obtained in 1998–1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was characterized by PCR technology. Two sets of primers, spanning the 5 UTR of BVDV genome, were used sequentially in a first round of RT-PCR, performed on viral RNA extracted directly from 15 clinical samples and 63 BVDV-infected cell-culture fluids; a second PCR assay followed to selectively amplify only BVDV genotype II. All the viruses under study were characterized as BVDV genotype I. As well as contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in the field, the results of the present study illustrate the possibility that novel BVDV strains can emerge in susceptible animals through the use of contaminated immunobiological products for bovine use.     

Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas in diseased stone fruits and pear by PCR-RFLP analysis in Turkey

During the late summer-early autumn of 2002, surveys were carried out in Turkey to determine the presence of phytoplasma diseases in fruit trees. Phytoplasmas were detected and characterized by PCR-RFLP analysis and TEM technique in stone fruit and pear trees in the eastern Mediterranean region of the country. Six out of 24 samples, including almond, apricot, peach, pear and plum, gave positive results in PCR assays. RFLP analysis usingSspI andBsaAI enzymes of PCR products obtained with primer pair f01/r01 enabled identification of the phytoplasmas involved in the diseases. Stone fruit trees, including a local apricot variety (‘Sakıt’) and a pear sample, were found to be infected with European stone fruit yellows (ESFY, 16SrX-B) and pear decline (PD, 16SrX-C) phytoplasmas, respectively. This is the first report in Turkey of PD phytoplasma infecting pear and of ESFY phytoplasma infecting almond, apricot, myrobalan plum and peach; ESFY phytoplasma infecting Japanese plum was previously reported. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2005.