Emergency response following suspicion of an avian influenza outbreak

The management of a suspected index case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) is crucial to the subsequent actions aimed at limiting the spread of infection and ultimately in prompt eradication of the virus. In this study, the legislative basis, basic concepts and actions behind a successful disease management programme are reviewed. These include actions at local veterinary headquarters and at farm level which must be coordinated centrally to ensure the flow of information essential to decision making. The success of any emergency intervention strategy is dependent upon the level of preparedness, including action plans to source manpower, equipment and on the degree of communication between relevant parties. Availability of information on the successes and failures in field outbreak management, will inevitably result in improved AI control worldwide.     

对咸阳市畜禽粪便污染环境问题的初探

对咸阳地区的畜禽养殖状况,畜禽粪便的污染程度,畜禽粪便治理的现状与存在的问题,提出了治理的措施及治理后的前景,以期为政府部门在研究制定咸阳市规范时提供考虑。     

滴头埋设深度对土壤水分运移及草坪草生长的影响

草坪地下滴灌与喷灌相比,具有节水、方便管理等优点。为了掌握滴灌中滴头的适宜埋设深度,通过模拟及实地试验,对地下滴灌土壤水分分布及其对草坪生长的影响进行了观测分析。结果表明:在流量和灌水时间一定的情况下,随着埋深的增加,湿润锋在水平方向的运移距离减小,在垂直方向上增大;相同埋深时,滴头两侧的含水率分布对称。在高羊茅((Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Pixie))生长旺季,不同埋深处理对地上生物量影响显著(P<0.05),埋深20cm显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);不同埋深处理植株密度差异不显著;不同埋设深度对高羊茅根系分布有一定的影响,在每个滴头附近的根系密度和重量明显增加。     

生态放养鸡饲养管理技术

我国农业经济快速发展,养殖工作的重要性变得更为突出,其中以生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作最为重要。但是在生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作开展过程中,却发现存在一定的问题,这些问题来自于人为及自然等2个方面,导致生态放养鸡的饲养管理技术没有从根本上得到最大程度的提升。养殖者应对生态放养鸡饲养管理工作的开展予以全面化重视,只有确保相关的技术要点得到实现,才能提升生态鸡的养殖水平。     

饲料企业财务管理中的问题及改善

财务管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于企业整个经营管理过程,与企业经济效益密切相关,直接影响企业的生存发展.企业通过财务管理、监督控制财务活动、资金投放、资金筹集来实现风险最小化,利润最大化.良好的财务管理是饲料企业赢利的保障.随着我国畜牧业的发展,饲料行业快速发展,饲料企业不断增多,财务管理问题更加凸显.饲料企业门...     

郏县红牛养殖场秋冬季的饲养管理

在郏县红牛养殖业发展的过程中,由于秋冬季节的昼夜温差比较大,经常会导致郏县红牛患病。秋冬季节郏县红牛的肠道功能比较差,易出现营养吸收不良和抗病力下降的问题,导致母红牛的生产性能降低,其犊牛的成活率下降,而郏县红牛群也会出现各种传染性疾病。因此在气温下降的背景下,秋冬季节的饲养管理对促进郏县红牛场养殖业的健康发展尤为重要。     

Weather-Centric Rangeland Revegetation Planning

Invasive annual weeds negatively impact ecosystem services and pose a major conservation threat on semiarid rangelands throughout the western United States. Rehabilitation of these rangelands is challenging due to interannual climate and subseasonal weather variability that impacts seed germination, seedling survival and establishment, annual weed dynamics, wildfire frequency, and soil stability. Rehabilitation and restoration outcomes could be improved by adopting a weather-centric approach that uses the full spectrum of available site-specific weather information from historical observations, seasonal climate forecasts, and climate-change projections. Climate data can be used retrospectively to interpret success or failure of past seedings by describing seasonal and longer-term patterns of environmental variability subsequent to planting. A more detailed evaluation of weather impacts on site conditions may yield more flexible adaptive-management strategies for rangeland restoration and rehabilitation, as well as provide estimates of transition probabilities between desirable and undesirable vegetation states. Skillful seasonal climate forecasts could greatly improve the cost efficiency of management treatments by limiting revegetation activities to time periods where forecasts suggest higher probabilities of successful seedling establishment. Climate-change projections are key to the application of current environmental models for development of mitigation and adaptation strategies and for management practices that require a multidecadal planning horizon. Adoption of new weather technology will require collaboration between land managers and revegetation specialists and modifications to the way we currently plan and conduct rangeland rehabilitation and restoration in the Intermountain West.     

Short-term transportation in a small vehicle affects the physiological state and subsequent water consumption in goats

We investigated the physiological effects on goats of transportation for one hour in a small truck. We also investigated food and water consumption after transportation. Eight adult goats (four castrated males and four ovariectomized females) were used. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and free fatty acids increased significantly within 15 min of the start of transportation, and these higher levels were maintained throughout transportation. These results indicate that transportation in a small truck activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system in goats. Despite activation of the sympathetic nervous system, heart rate (HR) in subjected animals during transportation did not differ from during the control animals, which were housed in their usual pen. However, after the transportation had ended and the goats started to eat fodder, HR increased significantly. There was no difference in the amount of food consumption between the control and transported goats. Water consumption in the first three hours after transportation was significantly lower in the transported goats than in the controls for the equivalent period. In the subsequent three hours, however, the transported goats consumed more water than the controls. Consequently, the total water consumption of the transported goats did not differ from that of the controls during the six hours after transportation. In conclusion, short-term transportation with a small vehicle activated the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system in goats. HR was not increased during transportation, but after the transportation had ended HR in transported goats was higher than that in control goats. After transportation, goats had consumed the same amount of food as control goats, but water consumption during three hours after the transportation was lower than that of control goats.