Alleviation of Salinity Stress by Vermicompost Extract: A Comparative Study on Five Fennel Landraces

In the present study, interaction between salinity (0, 40, 80, 120 mM NaCl) and vermicompost extract (VCE) on five fennel landraces (Urmia, Mashhad, Shiraz, Boushehr, Isfahan) was investigated in a factorial experiment as completely randomized design to find the best salt-tolerant landrace and potential alleviating role of VCE. Results showed that Boushehr and Isfahan were the most tolerant and sensitive landrace to salinity, respectively. Application of VCE improved germination and growth of salt-treated fennels. The amylase activity of fennels was not affected by salinity and not improved by VCE. While sodium (Na⁺) content of root and shoot of all salt-treated fennels increased, their potassium (K) content decreased. Under salinity stress, root K content of VCE-amended landraces was more than that of not amended ones. VCE also caused an increase in calcium (Ca) content of root of salt-treated Shiraz and Urmia landraces. In conclusion, VCE can alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on fennel.     

Influence of Biofertilizers and Phosphate Sources on the Phosphorus Uptake of Lettuce and Chemical Forms of Phosphorus in Soil

A greenhouse experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of two levels of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (with and without inoculation), two levels of vermicompost (0 and 1% w/w), and four phosphate (P) sources (control, rock phosphate powder (RP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and triple super phosphate (SP) at 25 mg P kg^?1 level). Co-application of PGPR and RP in non-vermicompost treatments significantly increased shoot fresh weight, shoot dry matter yield, shoot P uptake, soil Ca₂-P concentration, but it significantly decreased soil Ca₈-P and Ca₁₀-P concentrations. The maximum shoot P uptake was obtained in combined application of RP with vermicompost which had no significant difference with the co-application of SP with vermicompost in bacterial and non-bacterial treatments. There was a negative correlation coefficient between shoot P concentration and chemical forms of phosphorus. It may be concluded that application of biofertilizers changed the chemical forms of inorganic phosphorus and increased P uptake by plant.     

牛粪蚯蚓堆肥基质对草莓生长的影响

将奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥与泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石按不同体积比例复配成3种草莓生长基质,体积比分别为0∶4∶1∶1(基质a),2∶2∶1∶1(基质b),4∶0∶1∶1(基质c),通过分析草莓的生长情况、果实产量和品质,筛选出适合草莓生长的最佳基质配比。结果表明,复配后生长基质的理化性质优良,适合草莓生长。3种基质中,以基质b效果最佳,综合来看,基质b栽培的草莓果实可溶性糖、糖酸比、可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、可溶性蛋白和花青素含量均不同程度高于其他两种基质。此外,与基质a和基质c相比,基质b的草莓果实收获期提前了5~15 d。该配方可推荐用于架式草莓工厂化栽培生产。     

不同配比蚯蚓粪对桂圆菊生长发育的影响

以1a生草本花卉桂圆菊为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究不同比例蚯蚓粪和沙壤土作为混合栽培基质对桂圆菊的株高、冠幅、花序数、花序直径和开花时间等特性的影响。结果表明:以蚯蚓粪和沙壤土作为混合栽培基质栽培桂圆菊,可以促进桂圆菊的生长发育,明显增加株高、花序数,增大冠幅、花序直径,提早开花时间等;混合栽培基质中蚯蚓粪和沙壤土比例为1:1时,对桂圆菊的栽培效果最好。     

蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响

以蚓粪复合基质和茄子幼苗为试材,研究蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在茄子整个幼苗生长期,蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗成苗率,地上部分的开展度、株高、茎粗、叶绿素、叶片数和鲜(干)重等增加作用显著优于对照基质。蚓粪中添加中低量氮素(0.5~1.0 kg尿素/m3)比高氮添加量(2.0 kg尿素/m3)更有利于茄子幼苗地上部分生长和鲜(干)重的累积。高氮添加量处理在中、后期的有益效果逐步显现。蚓粪复合基质幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数等在生长中、后期均显著高于对照基质处理;中低量氮素添加量有利于提高茄子幼苗成苗率,各处理成苗率在苗中、后期无明显变化。新鲜蚓粪与蛭石按4∶1的体积比混合后,添加适量无机养分制成的复合基质可以作为茄子育苗基质。综合成本和幼苗生长情况,蚓粪复合基质中以添加尿素1.0 kg/m3为宜。     

蚓粪基质克服西瓜连作障碍的应用效果研究

将不同原料按一定配方混合配成育苗基质,采用穴盘育苗与盆栽试验,通过对‘早春红玉’西瓜穴盘育苗的幼苗素质和移栽后的生长状况的观测,探讨蚓粪基质在克服西瓜连作障碍方面的应用效果。结果表明,蚓粪复合基质处理的西瓜早期幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、单株干重、壮苗指数等指标均显著高于其他各处理。移栽后期,蚓粪复合基质育苗的植株在克服西瓜连作障碍方面表现明显,2种蚓粪复合基质育苗的植物死亡率仅为27.5%和22.5%,显著低于其他各处理。蚓粪复合基质育苗的植株主蔓长度最长,分别达162.1、171.8 cm,显著高于其他各处理。蚓粪基质育苗处理的西瓜中心糖度、边糖度均显著高于其他各处理,其中70%蚓粪基质、90%蚓粪基质处理的西瓜中心糖度分别为13.5%、12.9%,边糖度均为10.3%。     

不同水分管理条件下蚓粪对水稻镉积累的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了在淹水灌溉和湿润灌溉条件下蚓粪施用对土壤理化性质及水稻积累镉的影响。结果表明,湿润灌溉下土壤p H值高于淹水灌溉,蚓粪加速了淹水灌溉下土壤Eh值的下降;淹水灌溉下土壤Fe²⁺含量显著高于湿润灌溉,蚓粪的施用进一步提高了土壤Fe²⁺含量;与不施蚓粪相比,淹水灌溉下施用蚓粪显著降低了土壤DTPA-Cd含量,但总体上仍高于同期湿润灌溉。当灌溉方式相同时,糙米中镉的含量随蚓粪施用量的增加而下降;同等蚓粪施用量下,淹水灌溉较湿润灌溉更能有效降低镉在糙米中的积累。     

Vermicompost Leachate as a Promising Agent for Priming and Rejuvenation of Salt-Treated Germinating Seeds in Brassica Napus

Salinity is a major constraint hampering germination and early seedling growth, especially in aged seed lots. Any rejuvenation treatment improving salt resistance at these crucial developmental stages will be of special interest. Two sets of experiments were performed in Brassica napus to precise the impact of vermicompost leachate (VCL) on seed germination in the presence of NaCl and to analyze its putative interest as seed priming agent before NaCl exposure. Two seed lots were used: one old seed lot (cv. Libomir) and a recent one (cv. Harry). VCL increased the germination percentage of aged seeds in the absence of NaCl and increased seedling length in both cultivars. VCL had only a minor impact when directly added to the NaCl-containing germinating solution. In contrast, priming with VCL strongly improved subsequent germination in the presence of NaCl in relation to a more efficient management of oxidative stress in both cultivars. The improvement of salinity resistance provided by VCL priming was not due to modification in ion or proline content. It is concluded that VCL may act as a rejuvenation agent invigoring old seed lots and as an efficient priming agent for improvement of salinity resistance at the germination stage. Valuable properties of VCL are discussed in relation to the simultaneous presence of several protecting compounds.     

蚯蚓-蚯蚓粪分离-收获工艺与关键部件试验

蚯蚓堆肥是实现农业有机固体废弃物减量化、无害化、资源化和增值化的生物处理技术之一。蚯蚓堆肥结束后,如何将成熟活体蚯蚓从大量堆肥物料中快速分离收获,是目前规模化蚯蚓堆肥亟需解决的难题之一。为实现蚯蚓体快速、高效、稳定的分离和收获,该研究提出了蚯蚓堆肥产物3步分离收获工艺方法,并针对此工艺中的动态斜面分离收获关键部件和工艺参数开展了试验研究。在此基础上,结合力学分析、EDEM离散元仿真模拟揭示了蚯蚓分离关键过程中的动力学机制。结果表明：本研究所提出的分离工艺可较好实现蚯蚓、蚯蚓粪的分离和集中收获,动态斜面在蚯蚓-蚯蚓粪分离过程中起关键作用,利用了蚯蚓体表液膜接触粘附摩擦特性强,易粘附于斜面,而动态斜面作用下蚯蚓粪滚动摩擦力小的特性,蚯蚓与蚯蚓粪抛落于动态斜面后因受力差异导致两者呈相反方向运动,实现分离。蚯蚓-蚯蚓粪分离收获的最优参数组合为安装锥形分离器下,分离收获斜面速度50 mm/s、倾角为30°。基于此工艺方法处置蚯蚓粪-蚯蚓混合物料10 kg耗时55.36 s,在蚯蚓收获区的蚯蚓收获率为（81.50±5.55）%,蚯蚓粪含杂率接近于0,物料总收获率为（96.56±1.79）%。研究结...     

荔枝剪枝堆肥和蚯蚓粪作为巨大普里斯特氏菌载体的研究

为探讨荔枝茎秆堆肥与蚯蚓粪替代草炭作为巨大普里斯特氏菌载体的可行性,以荔枝剪枝堆肥、蚯蚓粪和草炭为原料构建6种微生物载体（ST1、ST2、ST3、ST4、ST5、ST6,三者质量比分别为6∶2∶2、4∶2∶4、2∶2∶6、6∶3∶1、4∶3∶3、2∶3∶5）,以草炭为对照,巨大普里斯特氏菌为目标微生物,动态监测载体中有效活菌数,获得适宜巨大普里斯特氏菌存活的载体;在此基础上,分别设置含水量20%、30%、40%,温度20、30、40、50℃和接种浓度10⁶、10⁷、10⁸cfu·mL^-1,动态监测载体中有效活菌数,优化载体含水量、温度和接种浓度。结果表明：随着培养时间的延长,各载体中活菌数均呈先降低后升高的趋势,其中ST2、ST5载体长期培养后活菌数高,且草炭添加量低,是适宜的巨大普里斯特氏菌载体。随着载体含水量、温度的升高,培养的60 d过程中ST2和ST5载体活菌数均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在30%含水量（ST2 2.46×10⁸ cfu·g^-1、ST5 1.81×10⁸ cfu·g^-1）以及30℃（ST2 3.44×10⁸ cfu·g^-1、ST5 1.87×10⁸ cfu·g^-1）、40℃（ST2 8.50×10⁷cfu·g^-1、ST5 7.13×10⁷cfu·g^-1）温度下的活菌数最高。此外,各培养时期的载体活菌数均随着接种浓度的升高而升高,培养60 d后,ST2、ST5载体活菌数分别达3.63×10⁸、3.33×10⁸cfu·g^-1。研究表明,载体ST2和ST5适宜代替草炭作为巨大普里斯特氏菌的载体,且在30%载体含水量、30~40℃温度和10⁸ cfu·mL^-1接种浓度下效果最佳。