不同物料蚓粪对土壤酸度和Cu、Pb化学形态的影响

以两种常见的有机废弃物牛粪和稻秆为原料,利用Eisenia foetida生产蚓粪,采用室内培养试验,研究了蚓粪在重金属污染的酸性土壤中对有机碳含量和形态、土壤酸度及Cu、Pb形态的影响。结果表明:在2.5%~10%的蚓粪用量下,土壤总有机碳含量增加了25%~83%,除牛粪蚓粪组的可溶性有机碳显著高于稻秆蚓粪外(P0.05),其余形态两种蚓粪间土壤有机碳含量无显著差异。蚓粪使土壤pH(H2O)值提升0.38~1.13个单位,同时交换性氢和铝的含量分别降低41%~77%和57%~94%,显著降低了土壤酸度,且较对照高出0.35~4倍;牛粪蚓粪仅在10%用量下降低土壤酸度的效果高出稻秆蚓粪22%。蚓粪使土壤中水溶-交换态Cu和Pb含量分别降低22%~70%和29%~70%,使有机结合态Cu和Pb含量分别提高19%~56%和10%~40%,表明蚓粪可以显著降低土壤中Cu和Pb的活性。蚓粪降低土壤Cu、Pb活性的效果分别较对照物料高出0.58~9.6倍和0.16~3.4倍。稻秆蚓粪降低土壤Cu、Pb活性的效果分别比牛粪蚓粪高出11%~61%和1%~32%。综上所述,蚓粪降低土壤酸度和Cu、Pb活性的效果优于对照,牛粪蚓粪降低土壤酸度的效果较好,稻秆蚓粪降低土壤Cu、Pb活性的效果更佳。在降低土壤酸度和Cu、Pb活性方面,蚓粪中的总有机碳、微生物量碳、胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳均具有重要作用,并且蚓粪中有机碳的作用效率高于对照中等量的有机碳。     

蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施对西瓜生长和品质的影响

基于等养分条件下,本试验研究了蚯蚓堆肥与解淀粉芽孢杆菌X和荧光假单胞菌Y两株不同功能益生菌配施对西瓜生长和品质的影响。结果表明,不论添加益生菌与否,与单施化肥或施用常规堆肥相比,蚯蚓堆肥均促进了西瓜生长,降低了植株枯萎病发病率,增加了西瓜产量,并显著提高了西瓜可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc含量等果实品质指标,其中施用蚯蚓堆肥的Vc含量较常规堆肥提高了15.9%;添加益生菌可不同程度促进西瓜生长和品质的改善,且以蚯蚓堆肥配施益生菌的促进作用更为明显。蚯蚓堆肥配施益生菌相比于单施蚯蚓堆肥,西瓜产量和可溶性糖含量分别提高了17.3%和15.2%。方差分析结果表明,有机堆肥与益生菌在西瓜蔓长、纵茎、产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量上存在显著的交互作用。综上所述,蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施对西瓜促生作用显著,在西瓜的绿色生产中可减少部分化肥的使用。     

蚓粪在万寿菊穴盘育苗中的应用研究

将蚓粪与珍珠岩和蛭石配成复合基质用于万寿菊的穴盘育苗,探讨蚓粪对万寿菊幼苗质量及其后期生长的作用效果。结果表明:蚓粪与蛭石、蚓粪与珍珠岩体积比为3∶1处理最理想,所得到复合基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水量、通气空隙度和pH均符合育苗基质的要求;根据蚓粪复合基质各处理万寿菊的幼苗长势、干物质积累、壮苗指数等指标分析,蚓粪与蛭石体积比为3∶1以及蚓粪与珍珠岩体积比为1∶1处理的综合性能最优;蚓粪基质处理植株分枝出现早,以蚓粪与蛭石体积比为3∶1处理的分枝数最多。因此,在基础物料中蚓粪与蛭石体积比为3∶1对万寿菊幼苗生长较为合适。     

Biological weathering of phlogopite during enriched vermicomposting

As the dominant macrofauna in many soils, earthworms play a significant role in mineral weathering and nutrient release from mineral structures into available forms for root uptake. Phlogopite is a trioctahedral micaceous mineral that can be weathered to other minerals through release of its interlayer potassium (K). In this study, we investigated the effect of earthworm activities and associated microbial communities on phlogopite weathering during the production of phlogopite-enriched vermicompost with different quantities of phlogopite added. An experiment was run under laboratory conditions using three levels of phlogopite (0, 20% and 40% by weight) in triplicates. Each Petri dish contained 20 g of a mixture of cow manure and phlogopite, and vermicomposting process was performed by inoculation of eight Eisenia foetida earthworms. Changes in clay mineralogy and C/N ratio in each dish were assessed at days 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 during vermicomposting. The results indicated that phlogopite was partially weathered to vermiculite and interstratified mica-vermiculite during the vermicomposting process. The rate of weathering was higher during the early stages of vermicomposting (the first 90 d). The weathering of phlogopite was influenced considerably by the activity of earthworms and associated microbial communities during the organic matter transformation process. At the early stages of the process, the weathering rate for different levels of phlogopite was not significantly different, but over time it accelerated steadily, and the difference increased.     

Zinc Transformation in a Calcareous Soil as Affected by Applied Zinc Sulfate,Vermicompost, and Incubation Time

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) rates and vermicompost levels on distribution of Zn forms of a calcareous soil. After incubation periods, soil samples were air dried, and a sequential extraction scheme was used to fractionate Zn into soluble and exchangeable, bound to carbonate, organically bound, bound to manganese (Mn) oxide, bound to amorphous iron (Fe) oxide, bound to crystalline Fe oxide, and residual forms. In untreated soil, Zn was mainly in the residual fraction. Increasing rates of applied Zn significantly increased all forms of Zn. Carbonate and residual forms showed the greatest increase. Application of vermicompost significantly increased all fractions except Mn-oxide form. This increase was more pronounced for organically bound, soluble, and exchangeable forms, indicating an increase in bioavailability of soil Zn. Incubation time significantly decreased soluble, exchangeable, and organically bound forms but increased other forms of Zn, meaning a significant reduction in Zn phytoavailability in soil with time.     

Comparative Study of Different Soil Amendments and Microbes for Integrated Nutrient Management and Growth Promotion of Jatropha Curcas

Increased alkalinity caused reduction in growth of Jatropha curcas plant. This experiment was designed to test the efficacy of beneficial microbes and vermicompost individually and in combinations to alleviate the stressful effect of alkaline stress on growth of Jatropha. Plants inoculated with bacterial consortia had significantly increase in vegetative growth parameters. Soil analysis showed increase in total organic carbon (TOC) by 68% compared to soil before plantation treated with Bacterial consortia + vermicompost. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the soil was increased by 25% and 84% before plantation treated with Bacterial consortia. Maximum uptake of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) content was observed in consortia. Plant analysis showed that consortia could increase uptake of micronutrients compared to control and other treatments. It can be concluded that multispecies bacterial consortia alone or in combination with mycorrhiza and vermicompost can reduce alkaline stress and enhances the seed germination potential, vegetative growth, and nutrient status of soil.     

不同水平的蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对草鱼消化能力的影响

本研究首次在基础饲料中添加不同浓度的蚯蚓(5%、7.5%、10%)和蚯蚓粪(2%、4%、6%),饲养平均体重(54.03±0.15)g的草鱼100d,研究蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对草鱼消化能力的影响。结果表明:添加7.5%～10%蚯蚓和6%蚯蚓粪显著提高了草鱼肝胰脏和前肠中胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性,以添加7.5%蚯蚓效果最好;采用石蜡切片技术观察各试验组草鱼前肠肠道内部结构,结果表明,添加7.5%～10%蚯蚓可显著提高草鱼肠道褶皱高度、宽度和基层厚度。综上所述,在提高草鱼消化能力方面,以饲料中添加7.5%蚯蚓的效果最好。     

奶牛粪蚯蚓堆制物对生菜生长及品质的影响

以奶牛粪为原料,研究了蚯蚓堆制处理对其物理、化学特性的影响。结果表明,奶牛粪经过蚯蚓堆制处理后,全N、全P、速效P含量显著增大;全K、速效K含量增大,但差异不显著;有机碳含量、C/N、pH值降低。为研究蚯蚓粪对生菜植株生长以及品质的影响,设计了生菜盆栽试验,分别以含10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%(质量比)蚯蚓粪的高沙土和蚯蚓粪混合基质为处理,以高沙土基质为对照,并都施用相当于生菜最适施肥量1/2的N、P、K化肥。结果表明,栽培基质中加入蚯蚓粪促进了生菜植株的生长,并且提高了品质。基质中蚯蚓粪比例为30%最有利于植株根生长,比例为50%时生菜地上部生物量最大;蚯蚓粪比例为30%～50%时,生菜植株茎、叶中Pr、Vc、可溶性糖含量明显增加,而NO-3含量降低。     

蚯蚓粪与椰糠配施对盐渍土的改良效应

选用蚯蚓粪和椰糠为改良剂,不同浓度人工海水淹泡的土壤为改良对象,通过盆栽试验种植空心菜研究未施肥、单施蚯蚓粪、单施椰糠、蚯蚓粪+椰糠不同比例组合配施对盐渍土的改良效应.结果表明:(1)对于20％、60％和100％人工海水淹泡的盐渍土,蚯蚓粪与椰糠分别按1:2.5、3:2.5和3:3.5配施种植空心菜效果最好,空心菜平均...     

餐余蚓粪的基质配方及对小白菜育苗的影响

将餐余废弃物进行滤干、脱油、脱盐处理,与菌渣按一定比例复配进行蚯蚓堆肥,形成餐余蚓粪.将餐余蚓粪与泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石按不同比例进行复配,进行小白菜育苗基质试验研究,通过分析小白菜生长情况,筛选出适合小白菜育苗的最佳基质配方.结果表明,经过不同流程的处理后,餐余废弃物的EC值逐渐降低,有机质、养分含量均很高,可以作为蚯蚓...