Soil Zinc Transformations as Affected by Applied Zinc and Organic Materials

Information on soil zinc (Zn) distribution is essential for understanding its chemical reactions and bioavailability. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat straw, cow manure, and vermicompost applied with Zn rates on Zn distribution in a calcareous soil. A sequential extraction scheme was used to fractionate Zn into soluble and exchangeable, bound to carbonate, organically bound, bound to manganese (Mn) oxide, bound to amorphous iron (Fe) oxide, bound to crystalline Fe oxide, and residual forms. In untreated soil, Zn was mainly in the residual fraction. Increasing rates of applied Zn increased all forms of Zn. Carbonate and residual forms showed the greatest increase. Organic materials application increased all fractions, except Mn-oxide form, and this increase was more pronounced for the organically bound form. Concentration of soluble, exchangeable, and organically bound forms was greatest in cow manure–amended samples as compared to other organic materials, suggesting that cow manure contained more bioavailable Zn than other organic materials.     

Impact of organic and inorganic nutrition on soil–plant nutrient balance in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) on a laterite soil

The study assessed the impact of continuous application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) on arecanut in India. Key parameters examined were biomass production, nutrient uptake, yield, soil fertility and net benefit. Pooled analysis of 8-year data revealed that nutrient application registered significantly higher yield (2585–3331 kg ha^?1) than no nutrition (1827 kg ha^?1). Yields in organic nutrition were around 85% of the yields obtained in inorganic NPK. The concentrations of leaf N and K were significantly higher with NPK than with vermicompost. Vermicompost significantly increased soil organic carbon and the availability of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), but reduced exchangeable K in soil. The total uptake of K and Ca together contributed positively to 75% variability in total biomass production. Nutrient removal of iron (Fe), P, K and Cu positively influenced the yield with about 81% variability. Biomass partitioning and nutrient uptake pattern are important for fertilization program of arecanut.     

Vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge affects growth and mineral nutrition of winter rye (Secale cereale) plants

The aim of the study was to investigate sewage sludge vermicompost application effects on growth and mineral nutrition of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) plants as compared to two initial levels of mineral nutrient availability, pure sand and sand enriched with inorganic nutrients at the optimal level. Addition of sewage sludge vermicompost significantly inhibited rye seed germination at 20 to 50% sand substitution independently on mineral nutrient supplement. Growth inhibition was evident at early stages of plant development. However, at the later stages, sewage sludge vermicompost acted both as mineral fertilizer and plant growth-promoting agent. Significant stimulation of mineral uptake was seen only at high rates of vermicompost substitution (40 and 50%) already causing decrease in shoot dry matter accumulation. Vermicompost substitution resulted in a significant increase of leaf chlorophyll content. Beneficial effect of sewage sludge vermicompost in conditions of optimal mineral supply can result mainly from plant growth-promoting activity.     

污泥蚓粪对匍匐翦股颖草生长的影响

在塑料大棚内采用盆栽试验方法研究污泥蚓粪作为草坪坪床基质改良剂对基质理化性状和草生长的影响,并与泥炭进行了对比,以确定污泥蚓粪作为坪床基质改良剂的可行性,为开拓生活污泥资源化利用途径提供理论基础。结果表明:污泥蚓粪的加入增加了基质的养分供应,可促进草的生长,缩短草坪成坪时间。20g·kg-1和40g·kg-1蚓粪处理的草屑量分别是40g·kg-1泥炭处理的2.4倍和3.3倍。20～80g·kg-1蚓粪处理草的再生速度和叶绿素含量均大于40g·kg-1泥炭处理。但高含量的污泥蚓粪会抑制草坪草的生长,使草坪成坪时间延长,且成坪后盖度较差,质地较粗。实际建设中20～60g·kg-1的污泥蚓粪用量较为合适。污泥蚓粪具备取代泥炭成为坪床基质改良剂的潜能,可成为生活污泥农业工程利用的有效途径。     

新型富硒肥料对韭菜生长及品质的影响

本研究以蚯蚓生物转化亚硒酸钠后得到的富硒蚯蚓粪和富硒蚯蚓氨基酸叶面肥为硒肥料,探索有机硒肥代替无机硒肥的可能性及有机硒肥的施用方法。研究结果表明,施用富硒蚯蚓粪与亚硒酸钠在韭菜叶片长度、韭菜产量、维生素C、叶绿素、叶片硒含量等方面均具有显著地促进作用;而且施用富硒蚯蚓粪和喷施蚯蚓氨基酸叶面肥要比亚硒酸钠和普通蚯蚓粪的处理相比在叶片长度、地上部产量、氮磷钾锌含量等方面有显著性提高。因此采用富硒蚯蚓粪和富硒蚯蚓氨基酸叶面肥是一类低成本、高效、无毒、环保的新型富硒肥料。     

污泥蚓粪-蛭石复合基质在辣椒育苗上的应用

以污泥蚓粪、蛭石为原料,按不同体积比例（4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3）复配成育苗基质W1、W2、W3、W4,采用穴盘育苗试验,通过对辣椒穴盘育苗的幼苗素质的观测,探讨污泥-蚓粪基质在辣椒育苗上的应用效果。结果表明,污泥-蚓粪复合基质处理的辣椒幼苗的生物量、地上部分生长、地下部分生长及壮苗指数均优于对照处理。W3处理的辣椒幼苗生物量、根系活力最高,其余依次是W2＞W4＞W1。随污泥、蚓粪比例的提高,辣椒幼苗的株高、SPAD值呈逐渐上升的趋势,茎粗、根系各项形态指标呈先上升后下降的趋势。利用适当配方的污泥-蚓粪基质可明显提高辣椒幼苗的质量,W2、W3、W4处理的辣椒幼苗壮苗指数较高,W1、CK处理的辣椒幼苗壮苗指数较低。     

不同含水率蚯蚓粪颗粒物料流动性研究

蚯蚓粪是有机固体废弃物经蚯蚓过腹处理后排出的特殊物料,由于含水率高达40%～60%的同时又能够保持散体细小颗粒的状态,导致流动性参数难以通过常规测试手段得到。为给蚯蚓粪收集、分离、运输等不同阶段机械化作业提供有效的运动摩擦参数,探究含水率变化对蚯蚓粪颗粒流动性参数的影响。研究通过堆积角试验与离散元仿真(Discrete element method,DEM)堆积角虚拟试验相结合的方法,从数值上量化分析了基于牛粪转化后不同含水率25%～65%蚯蚓粪物料的滚动摩擦参数与物料黏结能力。结果表明,显著影响蚯蚓粪堆积角的因素为蚯蚓粪-蚯蚓粪滚动摩擦系数,蚯蚓粪-不锈钢滚动摩擦系数,蚯蚓粪的JKR表面能(Johnson Kendall Roberts surface energy)。随着含水率的增加,蚯蚓粪-蚯蚓粪的滚动摩擦系数由0.135下降至0.110,蚯蚓粪-不锈钢滚动摩擦系数由0.116下降至0.102,两者呈现小幅度下降,内摩擦角由45.81°降至26.10°,而JKR表面能由0.179 J/m~2增加至0.345 J/m~2,增幅显著。含水率低于50%时,随着含水率增加,物料滚动摩擦系数减小,内摩擦角减小,一定程度上有利于物料滚动流动;含水率超过50%时,由于表面能增高,内聚力增大,蚯蚓粪物料之间易发生物料黏结团聚,一定程度上又会阻碍蚯蚓粪的翻滚运动。     

施用蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响

以‘黑彤K-8’西瓜为试材,通过大田试验研究了CK（不施肥）、CF（习惯施肥）、VC（蚯蚓粪）和VC＋CF（蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮）等处理对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明：同CF处理相比,VC＋CF处理明显降低了根际土壤pH值,显著提高了根际土壤速效N、P、K含量以及EC值;明显增强了脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性,其中脲酶活性分别比CK、CF和VC处理提高51.13%、17.19%和12.84%。此外,VC＋CF处理还显著提高了西瓜产量,且明显改善了西瓜品质。与VC＋CF处理相比,VC处理对西瓜根际土壤理化性状及产量、品质的影响较小。因此,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜的作用效果更佳,是比较理想的施肥措施。     

蚯蚓养殖在生态保护上的研究进展

介绍了国内外对于蚯蚓(Pheretima)在生态保护上的开发利用情况,概括了其在处理污泥、污水和生活垃圾,农业废弃物,修复改良土壤,环境监测和绿色农业方面的应用。为发展以及推广相关技术,促进生态环境的可持续发展提供参考和依据。     

Enriching Vermicompost Using P-solubilizing and N-fixing Bacteria under Different Temperature Conditions

In the present study we evaluated changes in phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and humic acid (HA) contents of vermicompost (VC) in response to temperature increases, and inoculation with N₂-fixing and P-solubilizing microbes. Inoculants of Pseudomonas and Azotobacter were prepared and used to inoculate VC that was kept at 28 and 41 °C. Biological and chemical parameters of the VC were evaluated at 0, 20, 40, and 60 days. As incubation duration increased, bacterial population, N, available P, and HA content increased while organic carbon and pH decreased. These changes were most rapid during the initial 40 days of the experiment, and slowed subsequently. Increasing temperature from 28 to 41 °C reduced bacterial population and the efficiency of these bacteria in improving VC quality. Overall, our results indicate that inoculation of VC with microbes holds promise as a means of increasing the quality of VC, while our increased temperature treatment was less effective.