变量喷雾流量阀的变论域自适应模糊PID控制

为解决变量喷雾过程中实时混药时农药微小流量的控制问题,采用小型针阀、直流电动机及减速器设计了机电流量控制阀。构建了机电流量控制阀传递函数的数学模型,并为之设计了变论域自适应模糊PID控制算法。对该流量控制阀进行了变论域自适应模糊PID控制和PID控制的MATLAB仿真,比较结果表明：PID控制的响应时间为3.5 s,最大超调量约为39.0%,变论域自适应模糊PID的响应时间为0.93 s,超调量最大不超过2.9%。系统稳定性,准确性和快速性等指标完全满足农业技术要求。     

基于PLC的液压无级调速变量施肥控制系统的研究

设计了以PLC为控制核心、液压马达为执行机构的变量施肥控制系统。该系统由PLC控制器、信号采集单元、液压传动控制组成,通过使用step7-Mico/win32 V3.2编程软件实现了手动控制、GPS导航定位和无GPS定位三种变量施肥工作模式,并对其进行了控制精度试验。试验表明：在机具速度为6km/h,施肥量为300~1280kg/ha范围内时,马达转速的系统控制误差≤8%。     

一种管道水培叶菜变方位包络定心抓取方式

将不同位姿的水培叶菜包络定心夹持到种植孔中心取出，是实现茎秆精准根切，避免根部残留在管道内的关键。针对定方位抓取方式在一些方位上对叶菜向心包络扶起作用小，抓取成功率低的问题，提出一种在夹持过程中使夹手相对种植孔中心转动的变方位抓取方式。以水培绿宝芥蓝为抓取对象，建立夹手张开伸入、绕种植孔中心转动及闭合夹紧时的尺寸参数关系模型；构建包络定心夹持多刚体动力学仿真模型，对初始倾角为50°、65°和80°，相对种植孔边缘均布的8个方位P₁～P₈上的芥蓝进行包络夹持过程仿真分析；搭建抓取试验平台，对初始倾角为45°～60°、>60°～75°和 >75°～90°，方位为P₁～P₈的芥蓝进行抓取试验。分析确定两手指初始张开角为15°，闭合夹角为30°，夹手变方位转动角为45°，夹手转动速度为两手指转动速度的2倍。仿真获得的变方位夹持倾角为82.18°～88.96°，优于定方位夹持倾角80.32°～88.57°；抓取试验获得的变方位抓持倾角为82.83°～89.65°，优于定方位抓持倾角70.70°～89.27°，仿真与试验结果具有较好一致性，表明变方位夹持不同位姿芥蓝的向心包络扶起作用效果更好。3种初始倾角的变方位抓取试验获得的成功率均值分别为91.67%、95.83%和100.00%，定方位抓取成功率均值分别为87.50%、91.67%和100.00%，表明初始倾角越大抓取机构可获得的抓取成功率越高，变方位抓取初始倾角小的芥蓝可获得更高的成功率；不计P₂方位双层手指伸入碰倒芥蓝样本，变方位抓取获得的最小抓取成功率均值为91.70%，相比定方位在P₁～P₈方位上均具有更好的包络定心抓取效果。研究可为管道水培叶菜采收装备的研制提供依据。     

复测角规样本估计蓄积生长量的新方法

角规是一种效率高的测树方法。但用常规角规方法测林分蓄积生长量,在前后两期计数木相同的情况下,断面积生长量为0;如前后期计数木不同,则每相差一株计数木,对单位面积断面积和蓄积的生长量影响颇大。这种跳跃式变化往往不符合林分生长实际,从而影响这一方法的推广采用。为此,曾提出过许多其他用角规测林分蓄积生长量的方法。这些方法可概括分为两类。一类是直接方法,其前后两期都计数的保留木对林分蓄积生长量贡献很小,其断面积生长量为0,蓄积生长仅是形高生长。保留木断面积生长量     

压电磁螺型位错与界面刚性线夹杂的干涉效应

采用复变函数解析延拓原理,研究了电磁材料中压电磁螺型位错和共线界面刚性线的磁电弹耦合干涉效应并得到该问题的一般解答.作为算例,求出了界面含有一条刚性线时两种压电磁介质区域广义应力函数的封闭形式解.运用扰动技术,求解了位错点的扰动应力、电位移和磁感应强度场.由推广的Peach-Koehler公式求出了作用在位错上的位错力,讨论了共线界面刚性线对位错力的影响规律.文中所得到的解不但可作为格林函数获得任意分布位错的相应解答,而且可以用于研究无穷远纵向剪切和面内电磁场作用下界面刚性线夹杂和介质中任意形状裂纹的磁电弹耦合干涉效应问题.     

线性回归分析中重复与非重复性问题研究

本文就一元线性回归，分相同水平及不同水平两种情形，讨论了重复与非重复试验对回归方程精度的影响，得到如下结论：相同水平序列下，重复试验的回归精度高于非重复试验；不同水平序列下非重复试验的回归方程的精度在一定条件下可能高于重复试验，并给出了此时应满足的水平设置条件。     

Design and Optimization of VVT System Parameters for Motorcycle Engine

An original variable valve timing mechanism with two-mode intake timing was developed according to the structural characteristics of small medium displacement motorcycle engine. Based on cycle simulation, the effects of the VVT mechanism structural parameters, control parameters and operational parameters on the engine performance were analyzed by embedding the VVT mechanism operational mode and control strategies in the engine cycle simulation. Optimum design for the late intake valve closing, the valve lift, as well as the switching speed of the VVT system was carried out. It has been proved that power and torque of the JH125 motorcycle engine can be effectively improved by loading the new type VVT system.     

The Use of Multivariate Analyses to Eliminate Redundant Variables when Evaluating Potatoes for Chip Quality

Selection for good chipping clones in potato breeding often takes place during the middle and late selection stages. This is due to the considerable resources needed for the assessment of several characteristics. Objective multivariate methods for the elimination of redundant variables were applied to eight standardized chipping quality traits recorded on advanced clones over 15 years at two locations in New Brunswick, Canada. The clones were evaluated of specific gravity and the following chipping scores: direct from the field in August; after 10 days storage at 13 °C; from 4 °C storage in February; from 4 °C storage in February with 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks reconditioning at 16 °C. Five elimination methods produced a similar deletion order. In every subset obtained, specific gravity and direct chipping from the field were always retained. Reconditioning treatments from one to four weeks after cold storage were shown to be the most redundant. The reduction in the number of traits from eight to four by every technique could recover more than 80 % of the original variation, showing that redundant variables were effectively discarded.     

Study on Simulation of Contact Friction Condition of Continously Variable Transmission

As metal Belt CVT(Continuously Variable Trans mission) acts as a kind of friction transmission, friction coefficient is a key parameter of CVT. The friction characters of CVTF(Continuously Variable Transmission Fluid) are mainly determined by fluid and contact state. The contact between belt and pulley can be regarded as a kind of contact between cylinder and cone. As their contact line is short, the curvature change of pulley along the contact line can be neglected. Then the contact problem of belt and pulley was reasonably simplified as a contact between cylinder and cylinder. Under the state of equivalent maximum stress, the contact friction condition of metal belt and pulley was simulated by the contact of ring and block in Timken Friction Test Machine.