A reciprocal F1 monosomic analysis of the genetic control of time of ear emergence,number of leaves and number of spikelets in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary A reciprocal F₁ monosomic analysis of chromosomal differences between Spica and Bersée was carried out under controlled environment conditions. Chromosomes associated with differences in days to ear emergence, number of leaves and number of spikelets were identified. The results indicated that chromosome 2B of Spica carries a photoperiod insensitivity allele at the Ppd ₂ locus. Both Spica and Bersée appear to have a vernalization insensitity allele at the Vrn ₂ locus on chromosome 5B. On chromosome 3A, 4B, 4D and 6B factors were found with major effects on earliness per se, diffeences in ear emergence and number of spikelets which were independent of photoperiod and vernalization. The possibility that these factors influence growth rate is discussed.     

Applications in Reconstructing Images of the Upper Limbs of Human Body Using Electrical Impedance Computed Tomography Techniques

Human body experiment is one of the key problems for the electrical impedance tomogryphy(EIT) in clinical meaning.In this paper an orbicular passive 32 electrode system which is suited for the upper limbs is developed,and the mathematical model for EIT to solve inverse problem is given.After testing many upper arms or forearms of persons, the author have reconstructed the images which are distinct to distinguish skeleton from muscle.     

Carrot root size distribution in response to biostimulant application

In 2009–2011, in Poland (53°13′N, 17°51′E), field experiments were conducted concerning the influence of biostimulants Kelpak SL and Asahi SL on the size grades of yield of carrot cv. ‘Karotan’. Kelpak SL is produced from seaweed Ecklonia maxima; Asahi SL is composed of nitrophenols. Biostimulants were sprayed from fourth-leaf stage of carrot, once, twice or three times in growing period. Seaweed extract was used at total doses of: 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7?l?ha^?1, while Asahi SL at 1?l?ha^?1. It was found that biostimulants had a favourable effect on total and commercial root yield, but this effect was dependent on the type of preparation, the dose, the time and the number of treatments. The best results in increasing the commercial yield were achieved after a single application of Kelpak SL at doses 2 or 3?l?ha^?1 at the fourth-leaf stage (13.1% and 12.4% respectively, compared to the control). Both biostimulants Kelpak SL and Asahi SL positively affected the root size distribution by increasing the yield of medium roots (1.9–3.8?cm in diameter) as well as large roots (3.8–5.0?cm), by 30.5% and 15.8%, respectively.     

原料粒径及含水率对樟叶颗粒燃料密度及机械耐久性的影响

针对中国南方常见的香樟落叶资源利用率不高的问题,该研究通过试验研究了樟树叶颗粒燃料成型工艺,在用扫描电子显微镜成像法解释了胚料成型机理的理论基础上,通过单因素法分析香樟树叶热压成型过程中原料含水率、原料粒径对成型燃料密度和机械耐久性的影响规律。研究结果表明：燃料密度与机械耐久性呈正相关;随着含水率增加,成型颗粒的密度先增大后减小,机械耐久性持续减小;原料粒径减小后,成型燃料的密度与机械耐久性均有不同程度的增加且数值分布更密集。通过正交试验,验证含水率与粒径间存在对密度与机械耐久性存在显著的交互作用,确定樟树叶颗粒燃料最优压制工艺参数。试验结果表明,在环境温度120 ℃、压强110.14 MPa、保压时间60 s条件下,最优成型密度工艺参数为：含水率6%、粒径0.6～1 mm,最优机械耐久性工艺参数为：含水率3%、粒径0～0.6 mm。研究结果可为香樟落叶资源利用率提供参考。     

白龙江上游5种典型灌木林枯落物蓄积量及持水特性

采用野外实地观测与室内浸水法,对白龙江上游5种典型灌木林(荚蒾、甘肃柳、中华柳、箭竹、绣线菊)林地枯落物的蓄积量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明:5种典型灌木林林地枯落物蓄积量大小依次为箭竹林甘肃柳林荚蒾林中华柳林绣线菊林。5种灌丛类型枯落物半分解层的持水量均高于未分解层,中华柳未分解层持水量最高,箭竹半分解层持水量最高,绣线菊未分解层和半分解层持水量都是最小,整个枯落层最大持水量大小为中华柳箭竹荚蒾甘肃柳绣线菊;5种典型灌丛林不同分解程度枯落物的持水量与浸水时间存在对数关系,其吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系。     

岷江上游某建设场地山洪泥石流灾害危险性分析

某建设场地位于岷江上游大沟流域,为山洪泥石流多发区。从主、支沟山洪泥石流特征、泥石流暴发规模及支沟泥石流对主沟山洪特征的影响等方面分析了场地可能遭受山洪泥石流灾害的危险性,并以此为基础对场地按危险程度进行了分区。结果表明,该场地主体位于基本无危险区,其建设计划是可行的。     

青海官亭盆地黄河二级阶地的结构分析

通过对黄河上游官亭盆地地貌及古文化遗址的野外考察,分析了盆地中黄河二级阶地的结构,认为该阶地形成于全新世中期。距今4000年左右的史前洪水阶地上加积了一层平流沉积物,形成复合型阶地,其下部为基座阶地,上部为上叠阶地。     

两种不同基因型玉米苞叶叶绿素荧光特性差异分析

在大田条件下,以郑单958和农大364玉米为研究材料,测定了苞叶的叶绿素含量,并对叶绿素荧光动力学及光合参数进行了比较分析。结果表明,两种不同基因型间玉米苞叶总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量存在差异。抽丝-灌浆期,郑单958显著高于农大364,说明此时郑单958苞叶的叶绿素更有利于获取更多的光能为光合作用所利用,但农大364苞叶的叶绿素降低速率要低于郑单958,这样有利于其保持更持久的光合能力。两种不同基因型间玉米苞叶叶绿素荧光参数(Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo等)存在较大差异。郑单958高于农大364,说明郑单958具有潜在高生物产量的生理生化基础。两种不同基因型间玉米苞叶净光合速率(Pn)和水分利用效率(WUE)存在显著差异。抽丝-灌浆期,虽然郑单958的苞叶叶绿素含量高于农大364,但净光合效率较低,说明玉米的净光合速率是其生理生态因素对环境变化适应的结果。     

Fruit Quality at Harvest of “Jonathan” Apple Treated with Foliarly-Applied Calcium Chloride

Abstract

The response of “Jonathan” apple trees (Malus domestica, Borkh.) grafted on EMLA 111 to frequent application of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was studied at Topeka, Emporia, and Conway Springs, Kansas, orchards in 2002. Trees were sprayed one to eight times with foliar applications of calcium chloride at the rate of 8.971 kg ha^?1. First spray was made when fruits were 1.4, 0.9, and 1.6 cm diameter at Topeka, Emporia, and Conway Springs, respectively. More than six applications of CaCl₂ improved fruit quality at harvest. Improvement included an increase in fruit weight, size, appearance, skin redness, and reduction of scald incidents. Although CaCl₂ applications had no effect on percent of soluble solids, the ratio of soluble solid content to titratable acidity was increased by frequent CaCl₂ application. Fruit skin redness was the most improved quality of “Jonathan” apple as the result of CaCl₂ applications. No symptoms of fruit russetting or leaf scalding resulting from frequent CaCl₂ application were observed. Increase in fruit quality was attributed to a linear increase in Ca concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues. Increase in Ca concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of treated trees coincided with increases in potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) concentrations compared with untreated control trees. Potassium, Mg, P, and N were correlated with fruit quality as much as, or in some cases more than, Ca. This information suggests that changes in mineral balance with CaCl₂ applications contributed to improvement of fruit quality and is evidence that frequent Ca application improved “Jonathan” apple quality in Kansas.     

Prognosis of the nutritional status of apple trees based on prebloom leaves and flowers

Abstract

The utilization of prebloom tissues to predict nutrition of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the possible use of mineral analyses of the prebloom spur leaves and flowers to forecast the nutrition of ‘Idared’ apple trees in the mid-summer (based on the leaves from current-season shoots). The prebloom leaf concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, boron and manganese were positively correlated with those in the summer leaves. The significant relationships between nitrogen, calcium, boron, and manganese in the flowers and those in the mid-summer leaves were also found. However, only the relationship between boron in the prebloom spur leaves and in the summer leaves was sufficiently strong. The calculated optimal range of boron in the prebloom spur leaves was 20–25?mg kg^?1.