Openings in the body of ‘capitalism’: Capital flows and diverse economic possibilities in Kiribati

Much of the post‐development agenda is concerned with decoupling Eurocentric imaginings of development from development practices in ‘remote’ regions and exploring new forms of economy that can enhance local well‐being. In the South Pacific (and elsewhere), small peripheral economies have confronted globalisation in varying ways. Some places, such as the Micronesian island state of Kiribati, have engaged directly with the global economy by investing capital generated locally in international financial markets rather than in domestic industries. Kiribati's trust fund, the Revenue Equalisation Reserve Fund, maintains a balanced portfolio of international equity and fixed income assets that produces a financial return, helping to augment Kiribati's other national income sources. In this paper we explore the results of capital flowing from Kiribati to global financial markets, noting that this alternative development practice can enhance local well‐being.     

Proximity to chronic wasting disease,perceived risk,and social trust in the managing agency

This article examined relationships between proximity to chronic wasting disease (CWD) and perceived risk and trust. The sample included 1,606 hunters in one of 10 northern Illinois counties with CWD, 1,958 hunters in a non-CWD county adjacent to these counties with CWD, and 2,099 hunters from the remaining non-CWD counties in Illinois. Compared to hunters in non-CWD counties, those in CWD counties were hypothesized to: (a) perceive more risk of CWD to humans, (b) perceive more risk of CWD to deer, (c) report less trust in the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) CWD information, and (d) have less trust in the IDNR management of CWD. The first two hypotheses were not supported, as hunters in CWD counties perceived less risk to humans and deer than did respondents in non-CWD counties. Hunters in CWD counties, however, were less trusting of the IDNR information and management compared to the other hunters.     

Public forest policy making in post-Communist Estonia

This paper presents a case study of forest sector development during the first 10 years of economic transition in Estonia in the period 1991–2000. The analysis is based on an examination of consecutive steps in the evolution of the country's forest sector, allowing speculations and conclusions to be drawn on why some forest policy actions have been more successful than others. Using Douglass C. North's concept of ‘scaffolds’ and the factors that most influence economic progress, the author follows the interplay between the formal and informal institutions in Estonian forestry during this period. The author finds that participatory policy-making procedures, while strongly advocated in the IPF Proposals for Action, do not alone necessarily guarantee desirable policy outcomes. The existing social norms and individual decision-makers’ actions also make significant contributions to the success of forest policy implementation.     

Tenure reform in British Columbia? Model,trust and charter forests

By retaining 91% of the forests in public ownership, British Columbia (BC) holds one of the world’s highest proportion of forest land under a publicsector model for the development and management of the province’s increasingly valuable forest resource. Public ownership implies that critical linkages between the natural forest resource endowment, public-sector management policies and the standard of living of the people of the province are to be forged. Yet, the emerging changes in fundamental public perception of the appropriate use of forests suggests that some of these policies, especially as they relate to forest tenure, are failing to respond to the needs of people in the 21^st century. Some of those linkages require retooling. Although somewhat constrained by past forest activities and policies, the provincial government possesses broad authority across the entire public and private forest system to regulate forest practices and determine rate of cut, stumpage, royalties and rents. It can change the way it does business. It can also devolve responsibility and decision-making to local institutions and create innovative ways of moving toward sustainable forestry. This paper argues that a tenure option developing in the United States — charter forests — may have application in BC and explores briefly how five types of pilots could be tested in the province.     

TRUST REGION METHODS FOR NONLINEAR EQUALITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

This paper presents two trust region algorithms for solving general nonlinear equality constrained optimization problems. The different techniques are used in minimizing a quadrdtic approximate model of the original optimization problems in trust region. By the convergence analysis, the global convergences and local superlinear convergences of the algorithms are obtained. Finally,the implementations of the algorithms are given.     

Mechanism of Resource Discovery Based on Trust Network

How to effectively locate resources is a very important factor affecting the performance of Grid environment.The authors propose a novel method which utilizes trust relations existed implicitly among network nodes to construct a secure and available resource trust network(SARTN),meanwhile provide the theory and method of SARTN.Combining passively discovery with actively discovery,applying Small World theory,optimized time complexity is achieved, and the performance of Grid resource discovery is promoted.Through analysis,the proposed solution is scalable,secure and efficient in Grid.     

动态信任管理模型在农业科学数据安全领域的应用探索

[目的/意义]为适应数据密集型农业科研范式的需要,农业科学数据的安全防护亟需向着动态化、自适应的方向发展。信任管理是保障数据安全的核心手段之一,其管理模型的动态化研究和应用探索具有十分重要的意义。[方法/过程]本文梳理了动态信任管理模型的发展历程和理论框架,分析了农业科学数据全生命周期的业务特点,总结了农业科学数据信任管理的现实需求,阐述了在农业科学数据安全领域实践动态信任管理模型的合理性和可行性。在此基础上,结合农业科研本身的业务特征,从用户信任、设备信任和应用信任3个层面探索了动态信任管理模型在农业科学数据安防领域的应用方法和要点。[结果/结论]研究展望了动态信任管理模型的应用前景和未来的发展方向,讨论了动态信任管理模型向动态流量管理和动态授权管理扩展以及和SDP相结合的可能性和必要性。     

电子商务环境下畜产品品牌策略

从消费者的理性认知角度和情感角度分析了电子商务环境下畜产品销售企业的品牌策略。从消费者的理性认知角度,由于畜产品和网络的特性,在网上购买畜产品的消费者所能感知的购买风险比传统环境下更大,因此畜产品企业通过建立畜产品品牌的信任,减少消费者感知的购买风险尤为关键;从消费者情感的角度,畜产品企业通过获得消费者对畜产品品牌的认同和对品牌的满意,使消费者持续喜欢企业的畜产品品牌,增加消费者对畜产品品牌的忠诚度。     

北京市集体林地委托流转制度分析——以平谷区为例

依据北京市丰富的林业资源、多样化的融资渠道以及美丽乡村建设的契机,对北京市平谷区土地委托流转的参与主体、运作程序和保障措施进行简要介绍,分析该模式具有流转合同、程序的规范化,减少林地流转的交易成本等优势,同时也存在着忽略林地流转前的确权登记工作,流转价格机制不明确,反馈环节缺失等问题。认为完善北京市林地委托流转模式:一是落实好林地的确权登记工作,二是做好林地资源的资产评估,三是建立流转后的反馈机制。     

一类求解无约束优化的自适应拟牛顿型信赖域算法

提出一类求解无约束优化的自适应拟牛顿型信赖域算法,信赖域半径更新准则采用由L-函数给出的一类自适应更新准则,当前迭代点处的目标函数的二阶海森矩阵用某种拟牛顿型公式近似。在一定假设的条件下,算法具有传统信赖域算法的全局收敛性质。数值实验表明,对于求解无约束优化问题算法是有效的。