一种Contourlet域高斯混合模型降噪方法

利用图像子带内部Contourlet系数的空间相关性,在平移不变Contourlet去噪方法的基础上提出了一种随像素自适应调整的混合高斯模型去噪方法.每个系数建模为两个均值为零、方差不同的正态分布之和,利用局部贝叶斯阈值对Contourlet系数进行分类,通过当前系数邻域窗中两类系数的信息,得到大、小方差以及有关概率的模型参数估计.该方法较平移不变小波去噪和平移不变Contourlet去噪的Contourlet域降噪方法具有更好的降噪效果,进一步提高了PSNR值,降低了MSE值,获得了更好的图像恢复质量.     

主伐对森林景观结构和空间分布格局影响的研究

本文用不同尺度分析了采伐对森林景观的影响。通过对景观组成单元的类型、总体景观比例随海拔梯度的分布格局、景观内各组份水平分布的隔离度等比较表明，采伐后自然重建的景观与原生景观无显著差异，森林景观对采伐干扰具有渐进稳定性。各景观单元均属聚集性分布。景观内部结构的多样性、均匀度有一定提高，景观优势度有所降低。采伐使景观单元破碎化，出现重组现象。采伐引发的景观单元转移概率因类型不同而异；松栎混交林景观单元在其生态区位内稳定性强，对采伐有负反馈效应；华山松为优势的景观单元采伐后明显扩大，以铁杉为主的景观单元也有类似情况；弱度干扰的红桦、云、冷杉景观单元结构稳定并有所扩展。     

CBERS-02影像条带噪声处理方法探讨

选择覆盖内蒙古阿荣旗地区CBERS02-CCD数据,采用直方图匹配法、主成分分析法、矩匹配法、低通滤波法、小波变换法等空间域和频率域共5种方法,结合定性分析和定量计算对比评价,结果表明,小波变换法可以有效去除条带噪声,而且在细节突出方面也存在一定优势;矩匹配法容易改变地物本身的光谱信息,虽然条带去除效果较好,但不适宜CBERS-02影像数据图像与处理工作;主成分分析法不仅没有去除条带,在某种程度上,反而加强了条带噪声。     

不同年代的埃特纳火山土壤上用甘油萃取有机质的特性

We characterized humic acids (HAs) and glycerol-extractable organic fractions (GEOFs) extracted from four Andisols, taken from comparable soil-climate conditions on the east side of Mount Etna. The soils were formed on old lava (about 9 000 years ago), old tephra (about 8 700 years ago), recent lava (about 2 600 years ago) and recent tephra (about 3 600 years ago). A part of the organic matter of the soils, deprived of HAs and fulvic acids (FAs), was isolated by glycerol extraction. The GEOF can not be extracted with alkaline solutions, probably because it is closely bound to the mineral component of the soil. The characterization of the extracted organic fraction was carried out using elementary and functional group analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. About 20 extractions were necessary to extract the HA and FA from the older soils and about 10 extractions to extract them from the younger soils. Data showed that the GEOFs had a greater ash content and a smaller N content, as well as a greater presence of aliphatic compounds and carboxylic groups as compared to the HA extracted from the same soil. The GEOFs extracted from younger soils also had a lower yield, ash and COOH-group content, and were more aliphatic than the GEOF extracted from older soils. Finally, the GEOFs were more closely bound to the amorphous component of the soil (‘short-range’ minerals) and consequently less subject to biodegradation.     

补偿模糊神经网络水果形状分级器分级误差

针对神经网络对水果进行分级时精度有待提高的问题,分析了补偿模糊神经网络椪柑形状分级器的分级误差。将椪柑图像前4个傅里叶描述子按期望输出模糊变量值大小排列成单调递增、单调递减、钟形分布和锯齿形分布4种训练样本,分别训练同一补偿模糊神经网络水果形状分级器,用递减排序后的同一测试样本检验分级器性能,试验表明,单调递减顺序训练样本所训练的分级器分级误差最小为1.875%,钟形分布、单调递增顺序和锯齿形分布训练样本所训练的分级器分级误差依次增大,分别为15%、63.125%、75%。分析分级误差与样本间顺序的对应关系,建立分级误差模型,结果表明,同顺序的测试样本与训练样本间相关系数大,分级误差小;不同顺序的测试样本与训练样本间相关系数小,分级误差大。因此,测试样本与训练样本按水果同一品质特征同序排列,提高样本间的相关程度,将大幅度降低神经网络类分级器分级误差,提高正确识别率。     

1998～2008年内蒙古植被周期变化分析

利用1998～2008年SPOT VEGETATION分离出的内蒙古地区20个气象站的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,对内蒙古植被NDVI的变化周期进行分析.结果表明,小波变换能够很好地揭示NDVI指数的多尺度特性.NDVI的变化周期,在20个选定的气象站都是接近290 d,这表示植被生长周期将近10个月.而在不同的植被类型之间,这种变化周期没有明显的差异.     

利用Laplace变换求解一维波动方程的定解问题

运用Laplace变换的概念和一些主要性质研究了波动方程的定解问题,首先运用Laplace变换将波动方程转化为代数方程,再利用周期函数的Laplace逆变换公式求出方程的解,并举例验证了Laplace变换法的简便性.     

鹅膏菌的抑菌作用及活性成分的FT-IR分析

对鹅膏菌AV对病原菌的抑制效果和分离物的结构进行了初步分析。结果表明:鹅膏菌AV粗提物对病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率是68.27%,孢子处理8 d后未萌发,而对照5 d内即萌发。对粗提液进行柱层析分离得3个成分,其中分离物Ⅳ对病原菌的抑制效果最好,即生长抑制率是76.73%,孢子处理8 d后未萌发;分离物Ⅳ为鹅膏菌AV主要抑制病原菌的活性物质。通过对3个分离物进行FT-IR分析,可以看出3类物质均有酰胺的特征吸收,初步推断分离物Ⅳ为伯酰胺或仲酰胺类物质。试验证明FT-IR能够简便、快速地提供某些有机化合物主要官能团特征吸收的信息。     

黄壤坡地土壤水分入渗垂直变异特征分析

通过对土壤水分入渗垂直变异的分析来探讨贵州岩溶地区黄壤坡地的土壤水分特性。主要运用小波变换对各层土壤水分序列的突变点进行了检测,根据相干谱和互谱特征分析了各层土壤水分变化的响应关系,利用相频特征研究了各层土壤之间水分变化的时滞性。结果表明,试验区各层土壤水分变化近似平稳随机过程;土壤表层(0～20cm)的水分突变现象要明显多于下层(20～100cm);0～10cm土壤层与40～60cm的土壤层透水性较弱,而中间层和底层的持水性较差,大部土壤层的水分变化与其上层之间存在一定的时滞性。     

Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of a Rolling Leaf Mutant of Rice and Its Ecophysiological Properties

The anatomical and chemical characteristics of a rolling leaf mutant (r/m) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its ecophysiological properties in photosynthesis and apoplastic transport were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT),the areas of whole vascular bundles and xylem as well as the ratios of xylem area/whole vascular bundles area and xylem area/phloem area were higher in r/m, whereas the area and the width of foliar bulliform cell were lower. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy spectra of foliar cell walls differed greatly between r/m and WT. The r/m exhibited lower protein and polysaccharide contents of foliar cell walls. An obvious reduction of pectin content was also found in r/m by biochemical measurements. Moreover, the rate of photosynthesis was depressed while the conductance of stoma and the intercellular CO2 concentration were enhanced in rim. The PTS fluorescence, which represents the ability of apoplastic transport, was 11% higher in r/m than in WT. These results suggest that the changes in anatomical and chemical characteristics of foliar vascular bundles, such as the reduction of proteins, pectins, and other polysaccharides of foliar cell walls, participate in the leaf rolling mutation, and consequently lead to the reduced photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport ability in the mutant.