傅里叶红外标准加入法测定银杏叶提取物(EGb)中的总内酯

银杏叶提取物（ＥＧｂ）经ＫＢｒ压片后,在１８４０～１７２６ｃｍ－１区间,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测量峰面积,以美国Ｓｉｇｍａ的银杏内酯Ｂ为标准品,用ＦＴＩＲ标准加入法测定ＥＧｂ中的总内酯含量,其结果与ＲＰＨＰＬＣ、ＲＩ法接近,平均回收率９６．８％,ＳＤ０．４,ＲＳＤ５．５％,方法简便,结果可靠,适于ＥＧｂ及其制剂在生产过程中作质量控制的测定方法用。     

The Filtering Character of Hilbert-Huang Transform and Its Application

Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is a new two-step time-frequency analytic method to analyze the nonlinear and non-stationary signal. The key step of this method is empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method with which any complicated data set can be decompose into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions(IMF). Using Hilbert transform to those IMF components can yield instantaneous frequency, the final presentation of this results is a energy frequency-time distribution, designated as the Hilbert spectrum. Examples from the numerical results of signal de-noising are given to demonstrate the power of this new method, those results can clarity the advance and efficient of this method.     

一种适用于非平稳、非线性振动信号分析方法研究

Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)被认为近年来信号分析领域的一大突破。适用于非平稳、非线性信号分析。从往复机械上得到的振动信号往往具有非平稳、非线性特征,因此采用HHT方法分析是一种较佳的选择。然而,该方法提出不久,并不能用一个解析公式表示,影响了对其理论分析及性能评价。建立一多分量仿真信号,并应用HHT、傅里叶变换、小波变换、时频分布对其分析比较,证明它具有较高的分解效率及准确地刻画信号的能力,并由此发展了能消除多分量信号交叉干扰项的时频分析方法。应用HHT对内燃机敲缸信号进行分析,有效地提取故障的特征信息,为往复机械的状态监测及故障诊断提供了一条有效途径。     

一种基于小波变换的图像过渡区提取及分割方法

具有复杂背景的树木图像的分割对于精确对靶施药及智能化植保机械的设计具有重要意义。为实现树木图像的精确分割,针对该类图像的特点,该文提出了一种基于小波变换的过渡区提取树木图像分割方法。通过对比小波变换系数、小波变换系数聚类以及小波包系数,最终选取了同时能够分解出更多高频、低频信息的小波包变换系数提取特征,根据小波包变换系数定义了小波能量比参数,将小波能量比参数值归一化为图像灰度值,采用自适应阈值和神经网络两种方法提取了过渡区,实现了具有复杂背景树木图像的分割。试验表明,该方法分割精度高,对于分割复杂背景的树木图像具有特别意义。     

基于小波变换的基波无功实时检测

分析了SVC装置现有的无功功率检测方法,提出了一种基于正交小波变换的基波无功功率实时检测方法。该方法用电力系统电压、电流信号离散采集的数据,可方便地对系统功率因数实时检测,能有效地分解和计算含各次谐波和随机干扰的电压、电流信号中的基波分量,从而得到实时的无功功率数据。通过仿真,验证了实时检测方法的有效性。     

基于无人机遥感影像的育种玉米垄数统计监测

为准确、快速的获取区域范围内的育种玉米垄数信息,该研究充分利用无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)超低空遥感监测技术,通过提取UAV影像的超绿特征和Hough变换方法提取育种玉米的垄数。研究区为金色农华种业科技股份有限公司崖城育种基地,基地内存在正处于苗期、拔节期和成熟期的玉米试验地块,使用的数据源为利用固定翼瑞士e Bee Ag精细农业用无人机获取的超低空可见光影像。研究过程中,首先计算UAV影像的超绿特征,并进行二值优化与形态学开启运算处理,以分离玉米植株与土壤背景信息,采用3种尺寸的窗口搜索并检测用于垄数提取的定位点;然后,用影像分割投影法提取玉米垄线的中心点,减小后续处理的计算量;最后,对已经提取的直线特征不明显的无人机影像中垄线中心点进行Hough变换,以提取玉米垄数。精度评价结果为:采用3种搜索窗口,苗期地块内的43垄玉米的提取精度分别为97.67%、95.35%、88.37%;拔节期地块内的74垄玉米的提取精度分别为100.00%、100.00%、58.11%;成熟期地块内的44垄玉米的提取精度分别为95.45%、90.91%、88.64%。该研究所提出的基于影像分割投影法和Hough变换可以正确提取不同生育期的玉米垄数,其中以拔节期的玉米垄数提取精度最高,此时的玉米植株在UAV影像上可以识别且又尚未封垄,是提取种植垄数的最佳时相;对于定位点检测,与玉米种植的垄间间隔相近的窗口尺寸(1?15或者1?25)是垄数监测的最佳尺寸。     

Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: rice-rice-milk vetch (RRV), rice-rice-rape (RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass (RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow (RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.     

基于机器视觉的果园导航中线提取算法研究

为实现果园作业自动化,对基于机器视觉的果园自然情况下的导航路径拟合方法进行了研究。针对果园环境特点,基于HSV色彩模型和最大类间方差法对果园果树树行特征进行了增强。同时,使用Hough变换对果树树行线进行了拟合,并最终获得了相邻两树行的中线作为导航路径。最终试验结果表明:该方法能有效克服行间生草、光照阴影和修剪枯枝的干扰,可提取果园果树树行线并拟合出果园导航中线。     

恒温浴缸加水机制研究

为了确定在没有辅助加热系统浴缸中加热水策略,文章通过对浴缸系统进行热力学分析,建立了浴缸关于时空双因素温度场模型;根据浴缸内部各空间点传热特点,将浴缸注入热水加热过程简化为点热源加热介质问题。利用能量守恒原理,根据傅立叶变换矢量法得出浴缸温度场的分布情况,求得注水点温度最高,边缘温度最低。然后基于浴缸温度场,在忽略人为影响因素条件下建立初级单目标优化模型,确定浴缸水体维持在39~40℃范围内注水流量最小值,结果表明当注水管流量为0.0028m2/s时可以达到预期目的。