根域限制对‘峰后’葡萄果实韧皮部糖卸载的影响

 为了探明根域限制提高葡萄果实糖度的机制,用5 年生‘峰后’葡萄为材料,在果实成熟 期用“浆果杯”技术比较了根域限制处理与对照的果实韧皮部糖卸载的日变化。结果表明,葡萄果实韧 皮部糖卸载在一天中有3 次高峰,分别出现在上午、下午和晚上（9：00、17：00 和21：00 左右）。上午 卸载量大,其峰值分别为下午和晚上的2.1 和1.4 倍左右;根域限制处理果实的糖卸载量始终高于对照, 约为对照的1.5 倍,并且上午糖的快速卸载提前了3 h,峰值为对照的2.0 倍。给“浆果杯”中的糖卸载 缓冲液添加ABA、EGTA,促进了糖卸载,但添加EB 却抑制糖卸载。表明葡萄果实韧皮部糖卸载需要消 耗能量,根域限制促进了葡萄果实韧皮部的糖卸载,并可能与其诱导ABA 含量的升高有关。     

观果型玫瑰新品种‘美果玫AF’

 ‘美果玫AF’是从玫瑰种群中选育出的观果型新品种。花色紫红,单瓣。果实红色扁圆形,长径1.96 ~ 2.48 cm,最长3.48 cm,短径小于1.5 cm。果期较长,从5月可挂果至10月。具有较高的观花和观果价值。     

尿素对芦笋疏花疏果的效应

喷施不同浓度尿素,结合不同施用次数对芦笋进行疏花疏果处理。结果表明：在芦笋开花期叶面喷洒尿素均能降低坐果率,其中以3% 尿素连喷3 次的效果最好,坐果率只有8%,且无肥害发生。3种浓度尿素在3 个处理时期对芦笋均有一定的疏花疏果效果,还可促进植株生长,增强植株的抗病性。     

Improving Pollination of Early Strawberry Crops

ABSTRACT

Our work on strawberry pollination started in 1996 because die top cultivar grown in France is ‘Gariguette’ and growers get good prices widi this cultivar very early in the season (March-April) as the quality of the product is well recognized. Crop management aimed at earliness (early covering, covering with a layer of non-woven fabric or under greenhouse polyethylene film, heating, etc.) induces the plant to flower under conditions unfavorable for pollination such as short days with low irradiation levels and temperatures around 8-10°C which hinder pollen formation. Such conditions often lead later on to problems in strawberry development and shape (large areas with unfertilized ovules, furrows, etc.). This is especially true for primary flowers, which should provide the largest strawberries. A preliminary study was first conducted to assess whether pollination was, indeed, a limiting factor for strawberry production in early crops and whether female reproductive structures also have played a role as well. When this work was completed and pollination was demonstrated as the main limiting factor for strawberry development from the first batch of flowers, the authors studied the different pollen vectors and quantified their action to determine their incidence in terms of production under “limiting” early cropping conditions.     

诱变选育西瓜染色体易位系的步骤及其杂交1代少籽组合的选配

用60Coγ射线辐照干种子诱变培育西瓜染色体易位系,并用其进行选配少籽杂交子1代研究,对克服三倍体无籽西瓜种子发芽率低、成苗率低、制种成本高、育苗技术较复杂的缺陷具有重要的意义;易位系杂交子1代西瓜保持了二倍体杂交1代的优良特性,减少了单瓜籽粒数,提高了果实可溶性固形物含量,从而提高了西瓜品质和商品价值。详细介绍了诱变选育西瓜易位系的步骤和技术、易位系的特征特性和优良的西瓜染色体易位杂交1代组合,并针对选育的科丰黑美人、红牡丹等易位系杂交1代分析阐述了染色体易位系杂交一代的优点和应用前景。     

氮磷追肥配施对云南松幼苗根系生长的影响

云南松是我国西南地区主要的造林树种,在区域经济发展和生态环境建设中发挥着重要作用。但目前云南松苗期生长缓慢,这使得云南松经济效益与生态效益的发挥受到了阻碍。氮磷添加是目前农林业促成培育中一种常见技术手段,通过对云南松苗木在不同氮、磷施肥处理下其生长状况的研究,以期为云南松苗木培育提供依据。本次试验以90d生的云南松幼苗为试验材料,对其进行氮磷根部追肥配施试验,比较不同氮磷浓度水平下云南松幼苗根系生长的变化规律。研究表明,氮磷配施后,随着氮磷用量的增加,云南松幼苗根冠比降低。地下部分的生长优势降低,地上部分的生长优势升高,且氮元素对于地上部分的增长作用强于磷元素。     

三个大果型番茄花药愈伤组织诱导分析

本研究以3个大果型番茄杂交种F1代(‘1401’,‘1403’,‘卡莱’)的花药为试验材料,对其花药愈伤组织诱导的影响因素进行初步研究。结果表明:大果型番茄花药小孢子发育时期与花蕾长度以及花药长度呈正相关。较适番茄花蕾消毒方法为用70%酒精对番茄花蕾进行表面消毒30 s,然后再用加了0.1%吐温20的15%NaClO消毒7 min。3个供试番茄品种均能诱导产生愈伤组织,但不同番茄品种的愈伤组织诱导率不同。其中,‘1401’番茄的愈伤组织诱导率最高,为19.67%。诱导培养基中添加30 g/L蔗糖能促进愈伤组织的产生,生长素与细胞分裂素浓度比为1:2有利于愈伤组织的产生。较适愈伤组织诱导培养基为(murashige and skoog medium,MS)+0.5 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+30 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂粉。该研究为获得大果型番茄多倍体材料提供了技术支撑。     

Phosphorus Fertility Assessment of Intensively Farmed Areas of Catchments Draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area; 1: Soil Phosphorus Status

Abstract

Australia's reef water quality protection plan has a key objective: “reduce the load of pollutants from diffuse sources in the water entering the Reef.” This article reports on a survey to assess the contemporary phosphorus (P) status of fertilized cropping soils across 21 catchments in coastal Queensland, Australia. The survey focused on surface soils from cane farms, vegetable and subtropical/tropical fruit tree sites. There were sampling depth effects on P levels in sugar and fruit tree sites (lower with depth). Importantly, 84% of 105 sugarcane sites were excessively fertile and only 3% rated low (P deficient). Some 75% of 16 vegetable sites and 38% of 8 fruit tree sites had excess ratings for extractable soil P fertility. Highest total P levels (0–10 cm) occurred in fruit tree sites, followed by vegetable and sugarcane soils. There are regional differences in P soil fertility, and the recycling of mill by‐products needs attention. Part 2 (Bloesch and Rayment 2006 Bloesch, P. M. and Rayment, G. E. 2006. “Phosphorus fertility assessment of intensively farmed areas of catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, 2: Potential of soils to release soluble phosphorus”. In Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37 [Google Scholar]) examines the potential of these soils to release soluble P in a nutrient‐sensitive area.     

Effect of Boron Application on Yield,Quality, and Nutritional Status of Peach Cultivar Andross

During the cultivation period of 2005–2007, a project was carried out in the region of Eirinoupolis, prefecture of Imathia, Macedonia, northern Greece. The study investigated the application of boron (B) timing (flowering, fruit set, fruit growth) and method (soil and foliage) on the vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality, and nutritional status of the cling-stone peach variety Andross. The cultivar was grafted onto an 8-year-old rootstock GF 677. The results showed that the greatest marketable yield (135 kg tree^–1) was achieved in peach trees where B was applied on soil during the flowering stage in combination with a balanced nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) basal application. Boron concentration in fruits of that treatment was increased in both cultivation years compared to most of the applied treatments. Foliar application of B at flowering, fruit set, and fruit growth, primarily in combination with foliar calcium (Ca) application, showed fruits to be less affected by cracking and Monilinia over all treatments. However, foliar application of Ca did not significantly promote leaf or fruit Ca concentration.     

Meta-analysis in the Selection of Groups in Varieties of Citrus

Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management.