Pectic hydrolysates in the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): Growth performance,blood and liver biochemistry,histological parameters and intestinal contents

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of pectin hydrolysates that were extracted from agroindustrial waste (apple pomace—AP and passion fruit peel—PFP) and were added to the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A 49‐day biological assay was conducted, and five test diets were evaluated: one diet was a control diet and the other four diets included pectin hydrolysates (2.5 and 5 g/kg). At 49 experimental days, biometric data and biological material were collected to determine the performance, plasma and liver and histological parameters and to evaluate the intestinal contents. The results were analysed by the normality test, which was followed by an analysis of the variance; the treatment means were compared by an orthogonal contrast analysis at a 5% level of significance. The inclusion of 2.5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates resulted in a greater production of butyric acid, increased thickness of the muscular layer and higher goblet cell count in the intestine. The inclusion of 5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates led to a greater concentration of liver protein. Further studies are needed to increase the knowledge about the use of these additives in the diet of silver catfish and to establish levels that allow greater gains for the species.     

基于改进YOLOv7的油茶果实成熟度检测

为确保油茶果实处于最佳成熟度进行采摘,提高油茶果实的出油率及茶油品质,该研究针对自然环境下油茶果实多被遮挡的问题,以原始YOLOv7模型为基础进行改进,提出一种油茶果实成熟度检测方法。首先,在主干网络中引入十字交叉注意力机制（criss-cross attention,CCA）加强对被枝叶遮挡果实成熟度特征的提取能力;其次,使用基于距离和交并比的非极大值抑制（distance-iou non-maximum suppression,DIoU-NMS）算法代替传统非极大值抑制（nonmaximum suppression,NMS）算法,从而加强模型对相互遮挡果实的检测能力;最后,以训练集中3 098张油茶果实图像训练改进的YOLOv7模型,验证集中442张图像用于在训练过程中评估模型,并对测试集中885张图像进行测试。改进后的YOLOv7模型在测试集下的精确率P为93.52%,召回率R为90.25%,F1分数为91.86%,平均精度均值mAP为94.60%,平均检测时间为0.77 s,模型权重大小为82.6 M。与Faster R-CNN、EfficientDet、YOLOv3、YOLO...     

白色水果玉米申雪甜1号的选育

为了改变当前白色水果玉米以进口为主,缺乏自主知识产权品种的现状,以WS02为母本,WS01为父本,在国内首次以SRG基因为遗传背景,选育出杂交白色超甜玉米新品种申雪甜1号。申雪甜1号春播出苗至采收77 d,株高156 cm,穗位高27 cm,果穗长锥形,穗长19.3 cm,穗粗4.5 cm,穗行数15.7行,行粒数32.4粒,籽粒白色,排列整齐,单穗净质量220～250 g,鲜百粒质量31 g,鲜出籽率63.9%,平均667 m2产量高达788 kg;鲜食糖度可以达到18%～20%,综合品质评价90.3分,尤其蒸煮品质方面的风味、色泽、甜度、果皮厚度均优于对照金菲,与对照雪甜7401相当,是可以生吃的水果甜玉米,且皮薄渣少,适口性好;抗大斑病、小斑病和茎腐病,轻感纹枯病、南方锈病,综合抗性优于对照金菲和雪甜7401。适宜在上海、浙江等地区种植。     

早熟蓝莓新品种辽蓝513的选育北大核心CSCD

辽蓝513是以北高丛蓝莓品种斯巴坦(Spartan)为母本、南高丛蓝莓资源N6为父本杂交选育的F1代。果穗较松散,大果类型,近圆形,平均单果质量3.4 g,大果质量5.1 g,果面黑色,果粉中多,果蒂痕中、干、浅,萼洼深、小,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)13.6%,总糖含量11.1%,可滴定酸含量0.69%,维生素C含量10.8 mg·100 g^(-1),花青苷含量93.90 mg·100 g^(-1),有香气(面积归一化相对含量42.8%),味甜,品质上。露地栽培模式下,辽宁熊岳地区4月下旬开花,6月中至下旬开始成熟,果实发育期55 d左右,成熟期稍早或同于早熟品种北陆,属早熟品种。该品种萌蘖多且长势强,结果枝培养快;果实成熟不易落果,果汁多,过熟不起沙,耐贮藏,适宜作为鲜食品种。     

中国枣果实病害研究进展

就20世纪80年代以后,我国枣果实生长发育及采后贮藏期病害研究进展进行了综述。采前枣果有9种病害,病原菌涉及到9个属真菌和4个属细菌。贮藏期枣果有4大类病害,但病原菌隶属12个属真菌。同一种病害不仅由单一病原菌侵染所致,而且往往是多种病原菌混合侵染引起的,因而给田间和贮期综合防治造成了一定困难。最后,提出了枣果病害研究上存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向。     

葡萄负载量对葡萄品质及生长的影响

通过对高负载、中负载、低负载三种处理的比较．提示出不同负载量对葡萄果实品质、营养生长及根系的影响。结果表明：高负载量可降低果实含糖量．副稍的生长及根系的生长和活力,同时影响当年新稍的成熟度及第二年的萌芽率。但对果实的含酸量影响不大。     

西番莲低糖果脯的研制

以西番莲果皮为原料,研究了低糖果脯的加工工艺.生产出色泽自然,酸甜可口,形态饱满,透明,且在室温下能保持6个月的低糖西番莲果脯.     

冻结方式和冻藏条件对冻藏水蜜桃果浆品质的影响

为了探究冻结方式和储藏条件对冻藏水蜜桃果浆品质的影响,本文分别检测了在气流速冻和液浸速冻、-10℃和-18℃储藏、有无静电场辅助冻藏的加工储藏条件下水蜜桃果浆色泽、含酸量、含糖量、果胶含量、酚含量等指标的变化。结果表明:冻藏的前15天解冻,水蜜桃果浆的酸、酚含量均大量降低;液浸速冻可以更好地保持果浆色泽、含酸量、果胶含量和酚类物质含量;与-18℃冻藏的水蜜桃相比,-10℃储藏的水蜜桃果浆除含糖量外,其他营养损失较大;储藏时施加静电场可以减少总酸、总糖、总酚、果胶含量的损失,并能有效抑制果胶酶活力。总体来看,经90 d冻藏之后,水蜜桃果浆仍然能保持较好的品质;液浸速冻加工后,在静电场辅助下于-18℃冻藏的水蜜桃果浆具有更好的品质。     

百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化及其体外抗氧化性研究

为生产优质果酒,采用单因素结合响应面的方法,以酒体感官评价为指标开展百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化研究并测定其多酚含量,之后通过考查复合果酒对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率及其还原力开展百香果树莓复合果酒的体外抗氧化性研究。结果表明：复合果酒的最佳酿造工艺为百香果树莓果浆配比1:2（g·g^-1）、初始糖度22.4 Brix、料水比1:1（g·mL^-1）、发酵温度19 ℃、发酵时间11 d;与同多酚浓度的Vc相比,此果酒具有更高的羟基自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力,DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率可达87.8%、66.9%和47.4%,还原力可达29.2%。按照优化的工艺酿造的复合果酒酒度为12.3%(vol),多酚含量为353.9 mg·L^-1,呈红宝石色,清澈透明无悬浮物、有典型的百香果和树莓香气、丰满爽口有新鲜感,具有良好的抗氧化性。     

Comparison of adherence tendencies of pesticide residues sprayed on small-, medium-, and large-sized tomatoes

Crop field trials were conducted to investigate the residues of sprayed pesticides on the different sizes of tomatoes. Pesticide residue data in tomatoes varied due to different locations of the three crop fields selected and/or physicochemical properties of the three pesticides tested. The pesticide residue levels in the medium- and small-sized tomatoes were 1.5 and 2.4 times higher than the level in large-sized tomatoes under similar spray conditions, whereas amount of pesticides adhered per unit surface area were approximately equal among all three sizes of tomatoes. The results of this study suggested that the differences in pesticide residue levels were due to differences in the degree of specific surface area of each tomato size. Resultant residue data of medium-sized tomatoes demonstrated a proportional relationship between pesticide residue levels and the specific surface area of tomatoes.