有机复合栽培基质对小麦施肥效应研究

为提高农林废弃物的再利用率,减少农作物栽培对施肥的依赖,以农林废弃物堆肥发酵基质为栽培基质,通过采用田间对比试验的方法,对冬小麦生长进行肥效对比试验。结果表明：与普通小麦肥以及化肥相比,有机复合栽培基质对小麦增长促进作用显著,小麦平均穗长比不施肥增长8.90%,比施化肥增长5.85%,比单施普通小麦肥增长5.49%;小麦平均穗数比不施肥增长40.79%,比施化肥增长17.11%,比单施普通小麦肥增长2.63%;小麦平均单产量比不施肥增长34.78%,比施化肥增长7.89%,比单施普通小麦肥增长2.01%。该研究可为农林废弃物在作物栽培方面的合理利用提供参考。     

缺素对广宁红花油茶幼苗生长的影响

试验设置全素(control)、缺氮(-N)、缺磷(-P)、缺钾(-K)、缺钙(-Ca)、缺镁(-Mg)、缺硫(-S)7 个处理,对广州红花油茶幼苗进行缺素施肥试验,通过测定苗高、地径、叶面积以及叶周长等指标,探究不同缺素处理对广宁红花油茶苗期生长的影响。结果表明：（1）-N处理对广宁红花油茶幼苗苗高和地径影响最大,表现为抑制作用;（2）各缺素处理对广宁红花油茶苗高影响顺序为：-N＞-Ca＞-K＞-Mg＞-S＞-P,对地径影响大小顺序为：-N＞-S＞-Ca＞-Mg＞-P＞-K;（3）缺素处理对幼苗叶片影响并不显著。     

土壤硒对植物生长影响研究进展

硒是否为植物必需的营养元素,目前尚无定论,但目前日趋增多的试验表明,硒可能是高等植物生长所必需的营养元素.本文综述了土壤和植物中的硒含量状况,土壤硒的形态及有效性,硒对植物的几种生物效应,土壤、植物中硒的测定与调节,以及目前硒的利用状况.     

永定县烟后作稻氮磷钾肥料效试验研究

采用“3414”田间肥效试验方案,在3个试验点进行烟后作稻田间试验,研究永定县烟后作稻的氮磷钾肥效和最挂施用量.试验结果表明：合理施用氮磷钾肥可有效提高烟后作稻的产量,烟后作稻施用适量氮磷钾肥即处理6,可分别增产20.3％、4.9％和9.0％.在试验条件下,烟后作稻的氮磷钾经济施肥量为N 1116 kg/hm2、P2O531 kg/hm,2、K2O 81 kg/hm2、预计产量7 926 kg/hm2.     

烟田油菜免耕直播不同密度研究

为探讨烟田油菜免耕适宜密度,以行距为固定的烟垄行、穴距为33.33 cm,穴定植留苗2株、3株、4株、5株4种不同定植密度,进行了烟田油菜免耕直播试验研究.结果表明,烟田油菜免耕直播最佳密度,在现有施肥水平和管理条件下,以穴定植3株,定植密度6000株/667m2最佳.     

Controlling sprouting in potato tubers using ultraviolet-C irradiance

Legislation limiting the use of chlorpropham (CIPC), the major potato sprout suppressant, has led to a need for new technologies to extend storage life of tubers. Ultra violet C (UV-C) has been used postharvest to reduce disease incidence on many crops, yet its use and efficacy as a sprout suppressant has not been investigated. The aim of this project was to identify the optimum dose and treatment timing of UV-C treatment on potato tubers as an alternative method of sprout suppression to reduce the dependence on chemical sprout suppressants. Up to six potato cultivars over two seasons were treated with varying doses of UV-C ranging from 0 to 30 kJ m⁻² either at harvest or at first indication of dormancy break. The tubers were stored at 9 °C and sprout growth and incidence assessed. Treatment with moderate UV-C doses (5–20 kJ m⁻²) suppressed sprout length and sprout incidence in a range of cultivars. Periderm DNA damage and programmed cell death were not detected in response to any of the UV-C doses. The inactive ABA metabolite, ABA-GE, increased in response to 10 or 20 kJ m⁻² within 72 h of treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a negative relationship between ABA metabolites and sprout growth/incidence during storage. This study found that UV-C reduced sprout growth in potato with no deleterious effects on tuber quality. This suggests potential for further development as an alternative or supplement to conventional sprout suppressant technologies.     

不同咸水利用方式对棉花叶绿素荧光参数及土壤盐分的影响

【目的】本研究旨在科学合理地利用浅层咸水资源。【方法】依托短期定位试验开展了在第3年和第4年不同咸水利用方式下(CK:造墒和蕾期灌淡水;T1:造墒和蕾期灌咸淡混配矿化度3 g·L^-1的微咸水;T2:淡水造墒蕾期灌矿化度5 g·L^-1咸水;T3:造墒和蕾期灌矿化度5 g·L^-1咸水;T4:淡水造墒蕾期不灌水)棉花长势、叶绿素荧光参数、土壤盐分累积及其运移的变化。【结果】T1和T2处理的齐苗率、株高、干物质质量、叶面积指数、叶绿素荧光参数、产量及霜前花率与CK无显著差异,土壤盐分含量较CK有所增加,但未对棉花生长产生明显抑制。T3处理的棉花长势指标、叶绿素荧光参数较CK显著降低,0~100 cm土壤盐分含量较CK明显增加。【结论】从土壤质量安全和咸水高效利用的角度考虑,连续4年用3 g·L^-1的咸淡混合水灌溉或用淡水与5 g·L^-1的咸水轮灌不仅能节约淡水,且不影响棉花产量。本研究结果为当地在棉花生产中安全利用咸水提供技术参考。     

苗带深松条件下秸秆覆盖对春玉米土壤水温及产量的影响

免耕秸秆覆盖是中国北方干旱半干旱区一种重要的保护性耕作模式。为明确宽行覆盖窄行深松交错种植条件下覆盖带适宜的秸秆覆盖量和覆盖方式, 2012–2013年在河北省廊坊市进行了春玉米的田间试验。选用郑单958为试验材料, 采用80 cm+40 cm宽窄行种植, 宽行间覆盖秸秆, 窄行间进行苗带深松, 设置8.42 t hm^-2覆盖量下粉碎覆盖(100SC)、整秆覆盖(100SP)、4.21 t hm^-2覆盖量下粉碎覆盖(50SC)、整秆覆盖(50SP)和不覆盖(CK)处理, 测定土壤水分和温度、出苗状况、物质积累、产量及产量构成。结果表明, 秸秆覆盖与深松结合条件下, 4种覆盖处理与对照相比均提高了土壤含水量, 其中50SC处理在花前0~15 cm土壤降温幅度最小, 其他覆盖处理显著降低花前土壤温度。各覆盖处理明显提高了苗期整齐度, 秸秆覆盖对苗期的生育期天数略有推迟。与CK相比, 50SC提高了春玉米地上部生物量, 促进花后干物质积累, 千粒重和穗粒重分别提高10.9% (P<0.05)和6.5% (P<0.05), 产量提高4.78%, 达12 243 kg hm^-2。50SC条件下产量与全生育期干物质积累(DMA)、花后/花前DMA呈极显著正相关。说明宽行覆盖窄行深松交错种植有利于缓和秸秆覆盖对出苗的物理阻碍, 其中秸秆以4.21 t hm^-2的覆盖量粉碎覆盖效果最好, 该处理可为玉米提供稳定有利的土壤水分和温度条件, 提高了生育后期的物质积累以及籽粒产量。     

Cultivar Specific Response of CO2 Fertilization on Two Tropical Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Cultivars: ROS Generation,Antioxidant Status,Physiology, Growth,Yield and Seed Quality

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂) is an important component of global climate change that will have a significant impact on the productivity of crop plants. In recent years, growth and yield of agricultural crop plants have been shown to increase with elevated CO₂ (EC) and have enticed considerable interest due to variation in the response of crop plants. In this study, comparative response of two mung bean cultivars (HUM‐2 and HUM‐6) was evaluated against EC at different growth stages under near‐natural conditions for two consecutive years. The plants were grown in ambient as well as EC (700 ppm) in specially designed open‐top chambers. Under elevated CO₂, marked down‐regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, membrane disruption and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were noticed in both the cultivars, but the extent of reduction was more in HUM‐6. As compared to ambient CO₂, EC increased total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, growth and yield parameters. Cultivar‐specific response was noticed as HUM‐6 showed higher increase in yield attributes than HUM‐2. Under CO₂ treatment, soluble protein and reducing sugars decreased while total soluble sugars and starch showed an opposite trend. Principal component analysis showed that both the cultivars responded more or less similarly to EC in their respective groupings of physiological and growth parameters, but the magnitude of ROS and antioxidative enzymes was variable. The experimental findings depict that both the cultivars of mung bean showed contrasting response against EC and paved the way for selecting the suitable cultivar having higher productivity in a future high‐CO₂ environment.     

市场经济对云南规划烟区耕地资源的影响分析

为了掌握目前云南规划烟区在耕地资源配置方面的详细情况,以及市场经济对云南规划烟区坡度影响,以最新烤烟种植区划成果数据和坡度格点化数据为基础,分析各州市烤烟种植区划核心区,优质区和适宜区在坡度类型的分布状况和差异,在此基础上结合各州市农村人均可支配收入数据,分析市场经济对云南烤烟种植区坡度的影响.结果表明:云南省烤烟规划...