现浇框架柱错位的防治措施

本文对现浇混凝土框架结构施工中混凝土柱出现错位产生的原因进行了分析,并提出相应的 防治措施。     

中国木材产业资源基础及可持续性分析

论述了发展中国木材产业的战略重要性;通过分析国内木材资源与国际木材资源供给,得出了中国木材产业资源基础薄弱的结论;以实现资源基础可持续性为目的,论述了构筑中国木材产业资源基础的途径。     

Evaluation of the fire endurance of mechanically graded timber in bending

AbstractThis study examined the performance of mechanically graded timber in bending when exposed to fire at various load ratios. The test specimens were 150 pieces, each with the dimensions of 60 × 120 × 3500mm. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 150 specimens was measured, and 60 among them were selected to formulate the prediction equation for MOE and modulus of rupture (MOR), which was used to predict the remaining 90 specimens. These were tested under fire exposure in bending using three-point loading at 11.1%, 16.7%, 33.3%, 66.7%, and 83.3% of the ultimate load. Using mechanically graded timber, which means acknowledging the actual strength of the bending member, permits fairly precise application to the targeted design load. This research confirmed that mechanically graded timber under fire exposure has the following tendencies: under the same load ratio, time to failure is independent of strength class, and, at any load ratio, the critical strength is dependent on the timber strength class. The obtained design bending strength under fire exposure using the reduced cross section method and the reduced strength method conformed to those calculated based on Eurocode 5. Following those findings, mechanically graded timber can be applied to obtain the design bending strength when taking into account the fire attack.     

两种立体A字架结构草莓营养生长特性研究

设计2种A字架结构,对各部位草莓营养生长特性进行比较。结果表明：除了第1层外（底层）,2种结构其他各层草莓的株高、株径、叶面积、叶柄差异很小,各层次新叶数和叶绿素差异不显著;叶片鲜重、干重、比叶重上层与底层差异极显著;相对含水量5层结构的上层与底层差异显著,4层结构的差异也达极显著水平。认为：适当提高第1层（底层）高度,可以选择5层A字架结构进行草莓立体栽培。     

造林措施对银杏用材林生长的影响

通过调查立地及各项生长指标,分析银杏用材林林木生长与立地条件、造林方式以及经营密度之间的关系。结果表明,高海拔与低海拔的银杏用材林生长差异显著,高海拔银杏用材林生长缓慢;嫁接苗与实生苗的高生长差异显著,嫁接苗木的径向生长较快,高生长受到抑制;在不同的年龄段,用材林适宜经营密度不同,随着年龄的增长,对生长空间的需求也增大,要适当加大用材林的经营密度。8-10年生银杏用材林以1.5 m×2.0 m、2.0 m×2.0 m 2种造林密度为宜。12-45年生银杏用材林以3.0 m×3.0 m和4.0 m×4.0 m 2种造林密度较适宜。     

西北荒漠化地区土地生态安全评价——以酒泉市为例

选择酒泉市作为研究区域,结合西部荒漠化地区的特点,利用PSR框架模型构建土地生态安全评价指标体系。通过熵权法和综合评价法计算土地生态安全值,对酒泉市土地生态安全状况进行动态评价和对比分析。结果表明:2000—2011年间酒泉市土地生态安全一直在敏感级别波动,生态问题显著。其中2002年土地安全状况最差,接近风险级别,2011年土地安全状况最好,接近良好级别。整体上酒泉市土地生态安全状况呈正向发展,人口增长率降低、环境污染负荷下降、农耕水平提高、社会经济增长等因素是土地状况改善的主因。     

一年生南方型杨树用作纤维材的研究

以湖北省广泛栽培的11个杨树优良品种为研究对象，对苗圃一年生截杆幼苗用于纤维材的可行性进行了分析，对影响一年生纤维材质量的主导因素进行了评价，并对参试品种培育一年生纤维材的优劣进行了综合评定与排序。结果表明：杨树苗圃一年生幼苗的纤维形态指标与各种主要化学成分含量符合纤维材的要求，培育杨树一年生纤维材在技术指标上可行，经济上合理，并具有良好的社会基础；苗木根系年龄对纤维长度的影响很小，而品种是影响一年生纤维材质量的主导因素；中嘉2号、中潜2号、辽河杨、中嘉5号、中天1号、鲁山杨、中嘉8号及天寅杨等是一年生纤维材定向培育的较好品种。     

小径竹重组结构材性能影响因子的研究

以南方资源丰富的小径竹为原料研究了小径竹重组结构材制造工艺,重点探讨了重组竹结构材的密度,浸胶后竹束的干燥温度,去青与不去青以及竹种(刚竹、淡竹、慈竹、雷竹)对重组竹结构材物理力学性能的影响,并分析了用自行设计的竹材压轧疏解机对小径竹疏解的原理。为高效利用小径竹提供制造工艺依据。     

毛白杨优良无性系(新品种)材性测定研究

按生长性状预选出毛白杨１３年生１０个无性系用于材质测定。试材取自北方大兴县测定林,每无性系在３个重复中各抽样１株,伐倒取样,分析表明,毛白杨无性系间纤维长度,宽度和长宽比差异极显著,重复率依次为０．７７７,０．５３７和０．６７６;木材全年密度,早材密度和晚材密度差异极显著,重复率依次为０．５３６,０．５１４和０．４２９。     

Optimal forest rotation periods: integrating timber production and carbon sequestration benefits in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations on the Loess Plateau,P.R. China

Determining the optimal rotation period was a crucial component of forest sustainable management strategies, especially under climate change. This paper had two objectives: (1) to determine the economic benefits and optimal rotation periods for timber production when coupled to carbon sequestration, as predicted by time series prediction models for Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in China; and (2) to evaluate how different carbon prices and interest rates affected optimal rotation periods using the forest land expectation value. The results suggested that time series prediction models were valuable for estimating timber volumes and carbon sequestrations based on surveys of different-aged stands. Importantly, since integrating carbon sequestrations into timber production benefits did not increase optimal rotation periods, this should promote P. tabulaeformis plantation management. In the sensitivity analysis, a higher carbon price increased the profitability of carbon sequestration and timber production, but not optimal rotation periods, though they were reduced under higher interest rates. In conclusion, incorporating both timber production and carbon sequestration benefits would sharply increase forest-based revenues, while realizing the carbon sequestration potential of P. tabulaeformis plantations. This approach was clearly useful to the development of reforestation/afforestation projects trying to mitigate climate change and also provided a theoretical basis for sustainable forest management.