秋水仙素诱导杂交兰四倍体及倍性鉴定

以杂交兰F1代无菌苗(2n=2x=40)为供试材料,分别用浓度为0.02%、0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的秋水仙素对其根状茎处理24、48和72h,成功获得了四倍体植株。试验结果表明,以0.10%的秋水仙素处理48h诱导效果最佳,变异率为36%。根尖染色体压片表明,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=80,二倍体对照为2n=2x=40。加倍后的植株较二倍体植株粗壮,叶片变厚,颜色变深,茎基部粗壮,颜色深,生长势变缓,根系变粗,根状茎增粗,可作为新材料加以利用。     

A comparison of diploid and tetraploid turnips (Brassica campestris SSP. Rapifera)

Summary Five lines of tetraploid turnips and their diploid progenitors were examined. Diallel crosses were made at each level of ploidy and trial results showed that in all cases the diploids outyielded their respective tetraploids for dry matter production.     

Chromosome doubling in Tripsacum: the production of artificial, sexual tetraploid plants

A collection of embryogenic diploid calli of Tripsacum was established and treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling. Sections containing duplicated cells in calli were identified using flow cytometry and ploidy level was determined in the regenerated plantlets. Tetraploid plants from several origins were obtained. In contrast to wild polyploid plants, which show apomictic development, the regenerated tetraploid plants reproduced sexually. By hybridizing these plants with wild tetraploid apomicts, various populations were established; these will allow a study of the inheritance of apomixis in Tripsacum.     

Origin and variation of gliadin proteins associated with pasta quality in durum wheat

Summary Studies were made of the presence and frequency of occurrence of gliadin bands 42 and 45 in three samples of Aegilops sharonensis Eig and 59 samples of wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn.) from natural distributions of these species in Israel.Two samples of Ae. sharonensis possessed a band in position 45 and one possessed no bands corresponding to either band 45 or band 42. In T. dicoccoides, band 45 was either present or not and 42 was always absent. In its grassy and intermediate growth habit forms, (believed to be more primitieve than the cercal forms) band 45 appeared to be more frequent than in the cereal form.The presence of band 45 in the Ae. sharonensis, and its relatively high frequency in T. dicoccoides, populations from Mt. Hermon (likely to be relatively free from introgression from cultivated tetraploid wheat) indicate the likelihood of a primary origin of the allele coding for band 45. The absence of band 42 from all Ae. sharonensis and T. dicoccoides populations in this study, indicates a more recent evolutionary origin of the allele coding for this band, possibly arising as a mutation during the domestication of tetraploid wheat.The results have implications for breeding programmes in tetraploid wheat.     

The influence of Elymus sibiricus L. genome on the diploidization system of wheat

Summary The meiotic behaviour of five tetraploid wheat strains x Elytricum fertile (2n=42 chromosomes, AABBD(SH) genomes) F₁ hybrids has been analysed. Multivalent associations were observed in the hybrids which could be attributed to Elymus sibiricus L. gene (s) somewhat suppressing the activity of the wheat homoelogous pairing control system. This interaction depends on the wheat genotype. The effect was particularly notable when Triticum turgidum var. salomonis was the wheat parent. The possibility of gene transfer from Elymus to wheat is discussed.     

Influence of selected wheat and rye genotypes on the direct synthesis of hexaploid triticale

Summary In the synthesis of primary hexaploid triticale, a cross-incompatibility barrier exists when tetraploid wheat (4X) is crossed with diploid (2X) rye. Fertilization may occur, however, abnormal endosperm development usually leads to premature embryo death. Four selected tetraploid wheat lines were crossed as females with seven open-pollinated rye lines and the resulting embryos were rescued in vitro 13–16 days after pollination. The wheat genotypes showed a major influence on crossability (seed set), embryo development and plant recovery. The highest efficiency of amphihaploid plant recovery (18.3 plants per 100 pollinated florets) was obtained from one 4X wheat line originally selected from the cross T. carthlicum × T. dicoccoides. Some of the 3X amphihaploid plants (ABR) derived from two wheat lines showed relatively high level of partial fertility presumably as a result of meiotic restitution. Correlation analysis showed that crossability (seed set), normal hybrid embryo development in vivo and embryo culturability were independent of each other.     

多倍体水稻杂种F_2代群体结实率的调查

在本研究中,首先在二十个籼粳亚种四倍体水稻F1代中筛选出高结实杂交组合:Dur/Sg9912 (命名为PSR120),然后在田间随机取样的200多株PSR120F2代植株,并考察其结实率。用统计软件分析结实率,结果表明,多倍体水稻F2结实率变异大,分布不对称。     

秋水仙素对离体培养辣木多倍体的诱导

以印度辣木栽培品种PKM(Moringa oleifera PKM-1)一年生植株茎尖为外植体,采用秋水仙素结合组织培养技术诱导多倍体的方法,研究了秋水仙素浓度及处理时间对诱导染色体倍性变异的影响,以及不同外源植物生长调节剂浓度对茎段培养的增殖影响,结果表明:辣木芽初代培养的最适培养基为MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA0.6mg/L,增殖系数为3.57,用0.1%秋水仙素处理24h左右,可诱导获得四倍体再生植株。     

生姜四倍体抗热性与抗寒性的初步研究

对生姜四倍体与二倍体用低温高温处理后,以生长恢复试验和细胞膜透性测定法对二者进行抗热性和抗寒性比较。结果表明：在0℃,2．5℃,25℃,50℃,93℃各温度条件下二者叶片的电导率、膜伤害率以及生长恢复状况均有较大差异,初步证明四倍体植株的抗热性和抗寒性比二倍体植株强。