Selection for chip quality and specific gravity of potato clones: possibilities for early generation selection

Summary Ten cultivars contrasting in chip quality were grown in the field and in the glasshouse to evaluate three different methods for chip quality assessment. Specific gravity was also measured. The glasshouse culture simulated growth of seedlings and the field culture represented growth of advanced breeding lines. Differences between cultivars for chip quality and specific gravity could be established in both environments. Although ranking of the cultivars in both environments was not identical, both good and bad genotypes could be identified. It seems that mild selection for specific gravity and chip quality among glasshouse-grown seedlings can be exercised. If tubers of glasshouse-grown plants are too small to slice chips, Reflocheck Glucose test strips offer a satisfactory alternative to frying chips. Crip in UK     

In vitro studies on feline panleucopaenia virus. Standardisation of haemagglutination-inhibition test for feline panleucopaenia virus antibody

Standardised procedure for obtaining reproducible haemagglutination-inhibition results for FPV antibody which correlate with serum-neutralization titres was described. Optimal conditions were found to be Alsevers anticoagulant, PBS/0.05% BSA (pH 6.8) as buffer, especially washed round bottom microplates, determination of maximally sensitive porcine erythrocytes, use of reproducible erythrocyte concentrations, inactivation of serum samples at 56 degrees C for 30 min and serum treatment with koalin pH 9.0. The concentration of erythrocyte used for estimation of haemagglutination units in H1 test should not differ from that used as indicator in the test. Predilution of serum beyond 1:4 associated with false results. Reproducible method for removing natural agglutinins in serum by adsorption with erythrocytes was described.     

鸡腿蘑液体菌种培养及应用研究

研究结果表明,培养鸡腿蘑液体菌种的适宜培养基配方为蔗糖2%,玉米粉3%,麦麸4%,酵母粉0.5%,KH2PO4 0.25%,MgSO4*7H2O 0.1%,pH6.2;最适培养条件是250mL三角瓶装液量60mL,接种量5%,摇床转速120r/min,培养6d.利用液体菌种扩繁固体生产种,可以明显缩短菌种生产周期.     

Italian University System has to Match Educational Needs in Adherence to European Standards and Professional Scenario

The effect of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a non-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium phlei was studied in bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) by measuring the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Group I, consisting of 15 healthy cows, served as the control, whereas groups II and III each contained 15 cows with subclinical mastitis on the basis of a positive reaction in the California mastitis test (CMT). The cows in group II received 100 microg of WSF in 5 ml sterile phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS) once only, while those in group III received 5 ml sterile PBS daily for 7 days, both treatments being given by the intramammary route. Observations were made up to 30 days after treatment (AT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas it ranged between 1 and 2 points in SCM. The somatic cell count (SCC) increased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 3, then fell steeply from day 7 up to day 30 AT in the cows in group II. A steady decrease in the total bacterial count (TBC) was observed in the group treated with WSF but the bacterial counts remained high in the groups treated with PBS. The mean acid phosphatase level was enhanced by 119% on day 3 AT in group II but only by 18.7% in the cows in group III. The mean myeloperoxidase level was enhanced by 100% in the cows in group II but only by 18% in those in group III on day 3 AT. This significant reduction in the bacterial load in infected cows caused by intramammary infusion of WSF may be due to activation of the microbicidal activity of the neutrophils, but this requires confirmation.     

Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting equine serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortusequi

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) was developed for the detection of equine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (LPS), a causative organism of Equine Paratyphoid. The data presented demonstrates that horses immunized with S. abortusequi LPS developed antibodies detectable by the IELISA. By comparison, the tube agglutination test (TAT) did not detect antibody to S. abortusequi LPS as consistently as the IELISA. The data suggests that the IELISA may be a more suitable test for the detection of serum antibodies to S. abortusequi than the TAT.     

Effect of terbutryn at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of terbutryn to early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbutryn were estimated at 36 day LC50 = 3.06 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn. Based on inhibition of growth in the experimental groups, lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) = 0.005 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) = 0.0007 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn. Fulton’s condition factors were significantly lower in fish exposed to 2 mg l⁻¹ compared with controls. By day 30, fish exposed to 0.00002 mg l⁻¹ - real environmental concentration in Czech rivers - 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l⁻¹ terbutryn showed significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated at the concentrations tested, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from the two highest tested concentrations (0.2 and 2 mg l⁻¹) showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. At concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l⁻¹ damage to caudal kidney tubules when compared to control fish was found.     

利用蚕豆根尖微核试验研究入侵植物胜红蓟的化感作用潜力

[目的]研究入侵植物胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides Linn.)的化感作用潜力。[方法]运用蚕豆(Vicia fabaL.)根尖细胞微核试验研究入侵植物胜红蓟叶、茎、花以及地上部分(除去根以外的植物体,下同)水浸提液的化感效应。[结果]胜红蓟水浸提液具有较强的遗传毒性。在叶、茎、花和地上部分水浸提液作用下,蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,微核率升高,细胞中出现了微核、染色体桥、染色体环等多种染色体畸变,胜红蓟水浸提液对蚕豆根尖的影响存在显著的浓度效应。胜红蓟叶、茎、花和地上部分的整体效应为叶>茎>花>地上部分,与地上部分相比三部位之间的化感作用潜力不存在简单加和作用,但仍以叶片效应最强。[结论]叶片具有最高的化感作用潜力。     

长武县“耕地—果园”数量变动与经济发展关系分析

利用1985—2008时间、空间序列数据,采用趋势分析、协整分析和Granger因果分析和区位熵评价法分析长武县耕地、果园数量与经济发展之间的关系。研究时段内,可得到果业面积和经济发展的长期均衡模型和短期波动的误差修正模型;由于人均耕地面积为非稳定序列,Granger因果检验可探究耕地数量与经济发展关系,其结果显示长武县的经济发展并非以耕地为代价,经济发展对耕地面积影响不大。此外,从空间角度探讨长武县果业发展和耕地减少之间的关系,区位熵评价结果说明各乡镇果业发展与耕地面积减少的协调度不同,存在空间差异。     

近50 a甘肃省夏季日极端降水频数与强度变化特征

基于甘肃省近50 a夏季日降水量数据,借助ArcGIS 9.2和Matlab 7.0数据软件平台,运用复值Morlet小波分析及Mann kendall检验法,分析甘肃省夏季日极端降水频数和强度的周期及空间分布特征。结果表明：① 极端降水频数主要存在19 a和8 a周期,极端降水强度主要存在11 a和19 a周期;② 夏季极端降水量与夏季降水量的空间分布在东南部地区有明显的差异;③ 极端降水频数呈减少趋势,而极端降水强度呈增加趋势。     

1960-2009年大连市气候暖干化研究

利用大连市1960-2009年气温和降水两个主要气象要素值的基本观测资料,运用线性倾向估计和GIS空间分析方法,探讨了大连气候的年际时空变化,同时利用Mann-Kendall统计检验和Morlet小波分析对其气候的年代际和周期性变化进行了分析。结果表明:近50a来大连市气候暖干化日趋明显,年平均气温以0.28℃/10a的速率显著上升,并且在1991年发生突变进入异常增暖期,空间上增暖趋势大致呈由南向东北逐渐减弱的态势;降水量基本经历了"减少-增加-减少-增加"的变化过程,总体上呈下降趋势,在1972年降水量由偏多向偏少转变,东北和西南地区降幅较大,腹地最小。此外,气候的暖干化趋势对"自然-社会-经济"复合系统造成的影响应引起重视。