槟榔芋大田高产早栽技术

介绍了武平县槟榔芋大田高产栽培技术,包括合理选地、科学种芋处理、盖膜保温、培土施肥、合理控苗、综合防治病虫害等技术措施。并通过适时早栽技术,提早采收上市以提高种植效益。     

Quantitative determination of NPK uptake requirements of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

Taro yield in many parts of the world is stagnant mainly due to conventional blanket recommendation of fertilizers, lower nutrient use efficiency and imbalance in the use of nutrients. The Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model was used for determining the region specific balanced NPK uptake requirements and recommendations for a target yield of taro. The constants for minimum and maximum accumulation (kg cormel kg^?1 nutrient) of N (33 and 177), P (212 and 606) and K (25 and 127) were derived as standard model parameters. The results showed that taro requires N, P and K accumulation of 12.97, 2.75 and 17.47?kg t^?1 of cormel yield, suggesting an average NPK ratio in the plant dry matter of about 4.7:1:6.4. The NPK fertilizer requirements for different potential yield situations were also calculated. The results need to be validated in major taro growing regions.     

红芽芋脱毒试管芋诱导及植株再生

为解决红芽芋脱毒苗移栽成活率低、种苗易分化等问题,以江西地方名优芋品种‘铅山红芽芋’为材料,开展茎尖脱毒、试管芋诱导及植株再生的研究。结果表明,芋芽剥取0.2～1.0 mm茎尖接种于MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+3%蔗糖培养基中可诱导成苗;通过RT-PCR分子检测,0.3 mm以下茎尖培养的试管苗中未发现芋花叶病毒(DsMV);脱毒苗继代增殖最佳诱导培养基为MS+3.0mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+3%蔗糖,脱毒苗试管芋诱导的最佳培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+8%蔗糖,最佳培养条件为温度25℃,光照54μmol·m^-2·s^-1,光周期14 h·d^-1;脱毒试管芋的最佳移栽驯化基质为草炭︰蛭石=2︰1;脱毒试管芋移栽后,成活率达97.71%,生长中未出现分化现象。脱毒芋相比未脱毒芋增产4...     

Isozyme and RAPD variation among Phytophthora colocasiae isolates from South-east Asia and the Pacific

Isozyme variation was studied in 94 isolates of Phytophthora colocasiae originating from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Eight polymorphic enzyme systems (HK, PGM, PGI, Gluco, MDH, ICD, 6PDH, ME) revealed 52 isozyme patterns (zymotypes), each uniquely characterized by the presence or absence of 60 electromorphs. A core sample of 20 isolates was subsequently analysed with RAPD markers. Seven primers were used successfully and all profiles were reproducible. Clear bands were revealed and, in some cases, allowed differentiation between isolates exhibiting identical zymotypes. Results indicate that throughout this vast geographic region, taro leaf blight is caused by numerous and distinct strains that are genetically variable. Variation occurs within and between countries. The geographical distribution of zymotypes shows that none is common to two different countries. Although the differences in pathogenicity are not yet established, different P. colocasiae genotypes are likely to recombine and evolve rapidly as this species is heterothallic. From these results, a long-term breeding strategy is recommended for taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) based on recurrent selection using a wide genetic base composed of carefully selected parents from diverse geographic origins to maximize multigenic resistance in progenies.     

Geographical distribution of ribosomal DNA variation in taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, in eastern Asia

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the ribosomal RNA gene loci (rDNA) was investigated in 227 accessions of taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, from China, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Eighteen different restriction fragment patterns of rDNA were observed. The results were largely consistent with a previous classification based on isozyme data. Some rDNA patterns were distributed extensively in the temperate zone from inland China to Japan. On the other hand, some other patterns ranged in coastal and/or insular areas from the tropical zone to the temperate zone (Japan). These geographical distributions may suggest two different routes for the introduction of taro into Japan: one from China,and the other most likely from Southeast Asia, via Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

荔浦芋组培苗大田种植试验研究初报

荔蒲芋组培苗经营养袋育苗后定值大田，地上部分生长整齐，母芋大小均匀，母芋球茎淀粉和蛋白质含量分别比子芋球茎苗的增加4.8%和2.1%。在产量上组培苗和子芋球茎苗无显著差异。     

香芋酸奶的研制

根据传统型酸奶的制作工艺,对香芋酸奶的加工工艺和最佳配方进行了研究。实验以香芋、牛奶粉、蔗糖为主要原料,采用L9(34)正交实验确定了加工工艺参数,筛选出最优组合。实验结果表明,牛奶中加入40%香芋浆、7%蔗糖和5%混合发酵剂(保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌之比为1:1),在43℃发酵3.5h～4h,产品具有风味独特、营养丰富且成本低的优点。     

香芋全粉喷雾干燥工艺参数研究

以香芋为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化香芋全粉喷雾干燥工艺参数,并对包埋剂进行了探讨。结果表明,添加0.01%的黄原胶作为包埋剂可提高出粉率,加速干燥,防止粘壁;香芋全粉喷雾干燥最佳工艺参数为:进料速率51 m L/min,进风温度190℃,料液浓度22%,雾化器转速21 000 r/min,该条件下喷雾干燥效果较好,制得的香芋全粉呈淡紫色,质地光滑,香芋固有气味浓郁,出粉率为15.74%,水分活度0.421,色泽L*值18.41,a*值2.65,b*值3.48,流动性13.9 cm,堆积密度0.46 g/m L。本研究获得的香芋全粉可作为食品配料应用在各类加工食品中。     

荔浦芋扣肉罐头工业化生产技术

研究了荔浦芋扣肉罐头工业化生产的加工工艺,确定了加工参数。使产品具有味美、粉香、酥脆、嫩软、细糯的特点和良好的品质,市场前景广阔。     

Effects of Sodium on Potassium Nutrition in Three Tropical Root Crop Species

The potassium (K) nutrition and high K requirement of tropical root crops may be affected by their sodium (Na) status, as has been observed in a number of plant species. Solution culture was used to study the effects of K and Na supplies in tannia [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott.], sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] and taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]. At low K supply, Na ameliorated symptoms of K deficiency and increased growth in tannia, and to a lesser extent in sweet potato, but not in taro. None of the species responded to Na at adequate K supply. Differences in response to Na were attributed to differences in Na translocation to plant tops. At maximum Na supply, the Na concentration in index leaves averaged 1.82% in tannia, 0.205% in sweet potato, and 0.0067% in taro. An increase in the supply of Na resulted in a shift in the critical K concentration for deficiency (i.e., 90% of maximum yield) in index leaves from 2.9% to 1.2% in tannia, and from 4.8% to 2.5% in sweet potato. The critical K concentration in taro was 3.3%, irrespective of Na supply. To overcome the problem in tannia and sweet potato of determining the critical concentration relevant to a leaf sample of unknown K status, a relationship was established for each species relating the critical K concentration to the concentration of Na in the index leaves.