崇明香酥芋种质资源鉴定与分析

通过对80份崇明香酥芋的地上部分和地下部分相关农艺性状的研究,揭示有关农艺性状的相关性,并通过聚类分析,获取优质种群。试验结果表明,不同种质材料之间生长及地下部分性状存在着一定的差异,平均变异系数为1.9174,其中螺纹数的变异系数最大,为1.6409,叶型指数的变异系数最小,仅为0.0298。聚类分析可将80份崇明香酥芋种质分为4类,其中第Ⅳ类为优质种群。与其它性状极显著正相关性最多的是商品芋艿质量,与其它性状呈现极显著负相关性最多的是单株产量。     

香芋淀粉提取工艺及部分特性研究

通过对香芋淀粉的不同提取方法进行比较,对提取出来的香芋淀粉的部分特性进行了研究。结果表明,用浓度0.3mol/L的氨水提取香芋淀粉是较好的方法,提取出来的淀粉纯度较高;香芋淀粉糊的黏度随着温度的升高而降低;香芋淀粉的黏度与其质量分数成正比;香芋淀粉冻融稳定性好,不易回生;凝胶性能差,凝胶产品弹性不大。     

芋“3414”肥效试验与配方施肥推荐研究初报

开展"3414"肥效试验,研究了不同肥料配比对芋(Colocasia esculenta)及芋荷梗产量的影响,建立了氮、钾肥施肥量与产量的回归方程,探索了获得芋及芋荷梗的最佳施肥量。结果表明,合理施肥可有效提高芋及芋荷梗的产量,且对芋荷梗的增产效果更加明显,过量施用钾肥会造成芋及芋荷梗产量明显降低,若以芋荷梗为主要采收目标时,可适当增加氮、钾肥的施用量。在该试验土壤条件下,推荐施肥量为氮肥225.0~337.5 kg/hm~2,钾肥171.0~235.5 kg/hm~2。     

Studies on the Use of Colocasia esculenta (Taro Cocoyam) in the Diets of Weaned Pigs

Sixty weanling Large White×Duroc pigs were allocated to five groups of 12 pigs per group and fed on one of five diets. The five diets comprised 0, 50% and 100% unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels (Colocasia esculenta) and 50% and 100% boiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels as replacements for maize. The levels of some antinutritional factors were also determined in both boiled and unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam. Boiling reduced (p<0.05) the amounts of the antinutritional factors in the taro cocoyam cormels. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency between the diets containing boiled taro cocoyam cormels. However, for unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight gain and feed efficiency, these being depressed at more than 50% replacement of maize. This may be due to the relatively high amounts of antinutritional factors in the unboiled, sun-dried taro cormels. Boiled taro cocoyam cormels were comparable to maize as an energy source in the diets of weanling pigs.     

芋芽继代培养中激素、水解乳蛋白、碳源的调节研究

在继代培养中,为提高芋组培苗的增殖效果,降低组培苗生产成本,获得健壮的芋头组培苗。实验从激素、水解乳蛋白、碳源三个方面研究了其对芋组培芽继代培养的调节作用。结果表明:BA 4.0 mg/L NAA 0.1~0.2 mg/L的激素配比有利于芋芽的增殖,但当NAA的浓度为0.1 mg/L时,可大大抑制多次继代后根的发生。不同浓度水解乳蛋白(LH)对芋芽的分化率无显著差异,但添加LH可提高芋芽的生长速度,当LH为500 mg/L时,芋苗最高。蔗糖、食用白糖、葡萄糖对芋芽的增殖和生根效果较好,麦芽糖稍差;从降低生产成本度考虑,可选用食用白糖作为芋芽继代培养的碳源。     

槟榔芋萌发早期的营养物质及激素水平变化研究

为探究槟榔芋苯点部位萌发早期的营养物质与激素水平变化规律,以槟榔芋为研究对象,测定不同发芽程度槟榔芋芽点部位淀粉、蛋白质、水分等营养物质含量的变化,并基于低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)技术探究槟榔芋萌发早期的水分迁移分布状况,同时测定脱落酸(ABA)及赤霉素(GA₃)等激素水平的变化。结果表明,距球茎顶端越远,发芽槟榔芋的淀粉含量越高;发芽程度越高,芋头球茎顶端蛋白质含量越低;3种发芽长度槟榔芋距球茎顶端2 cm处的水分含量最低;经过低场核磁共振检测发现,越靠近芋头球茎中心,水分活跃度越高,且随着槟榔芋萌芽长度的增加,结合水逐渐向半结合水转变;核磁共振成像结果显示,短芽芋头含水率最高,长芽芋头最低;短芽及中芽芋头的3个部位(块茎、芽、根须)中根须部位ABA含量最高,而长芽芋头3个部位的ABA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);短芽芋头的GA₃含量在3个部位无显著差异(P>0.05),中芽及长芽芋头芽部位GA₃含量最高。本研究结果为探索槟榔芋休眠及贮藏后的萌发规律提供了理论支持。     

六月红芋高产栽培技术

总结了六月红芋高产栽培技术,主要包括芋田选择和准备、定植前准备、定植、大田管理、采收等方面内容.     

芋花粉活力测定及最佳贮藏方法的选择

为确保芋杂交育种实验的有效开展,研究芋花粉活力测定和花粉贮藏的方法。实验结果表明,柱头稀释液培养法和培养基萌发法均能有效测定芋的花粉活力;芋花粉萌发的最佳培养基配方是:10 mg/L硼酸+0.01%无水氯化钙+5%蔗糖。芋花粉的寿命短,但不同芋品种的花粉寿命不同;芋花粉在15%空气湿度或-20℃干燥条件下可以贮藏相对较长的时间。     

Isozyme variation in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from Asia and Oceania

Summary Isozyme variation was studied in 1,417 cultivars and wild forms of taro collected in Asia and Oceania. Seven polymorphic enzyme systems (MDH, IDH, PGI, 6-PGD, ME, SkDH, and ADH) revealed 143 isozyme phenotypes, or zymotypes, each uniquely characterized by the presence or absence of 56 electromorphs. Results showed greater isozyme variation in Asia than in Oceania, with Indonesia being the area of greatest diversity. No correlations were found between zymotypes and morphotypes or ploidy levels (as described by other investigators). Multivariate analyses of the isozyme data indicated that the majority of the Indonesian cultivars were different from the Philippine and Oceanian taro cultivars. Oceanian cultivars constituted a continuum of clusters and are thought to have originated from a narrow genetic base introduced from Indonesia. If taro breeding is to have any future in Oceania, it is important to exchange genotypes to broaden the base of existing breeding programmes.     

芋头苗膳食纤维提取的研究

通过正交实验法确定了芋头苗水溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件为:温度80℃,pH值6.0,时间30min,提取液用量35mL·g-1,此条件下提取水溶性膳食纤维的产率达32.15%。同时分别采用化学法、酶法、酶与化学结合法从芋头苗中提取水不溶性膳食纤维,并且对3种方法得到的水不溶性膳食纤维产品进行了分析比较。结果表明,采用酶与化学结合法得到的水不溶性膳食纤维产品纯度最高,生理活性最好,产率为38.23%,持水能力和膨胀能力分别为8.18,10.27mL·g-1。