聚丙烯酸钠对黄土坡面产流产沙的影响研究

通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了施用SP对黄土坡面产流、产沙的影响,并对实验数据进行数学模拟,建立了SP施用量与产流、产沙强度间的关系模型.结果表明:SP施用量与产流时间、平均产流强度呈二次函数相关关系,与产沙强度呈线性负相关关系.SP用量在0～2.42 g/m\+2之间时,能够延缓坡面产流,用量为1.21 g/m\+2时延缓产流效果最明显;用量介于0～3.31 g/m2之间时,能够增加土壤入渗,减少坡面产流量,用量1.65 g/m2的增渗减流效果最佳;施用SP后,能够减少坡面输沙强度,且用量越大,减沙效果越明显.SP可影响坡面产流过程,用量1.8 g/m2时,能够减小产流初期径流强度增幅,用量为3.6 g/m2时,其产流过程线与对照极接近,而施用量增加到5.4 g/m2时,产流强度明显增大.SP对坡面产沙过程的影响表现为:随施用量增大,产沙强度峰值呈逐步减小的变化趋势.     

杨盘二孢激发子的分离及稳定性研究

 从杨盘二孢的培养滤液和菌丝中获得2种激发子粗提物,分别测定其糖和蛋白质的含量,发现滤液激发子粗提物(CFE)糖和蛋白质的含量分别为41.07和40mg/mL,菌丝激发子粗提物(CME)糖和蛋白质含量分别为48.07和55mg/mL。滤液激发子粗提物对温度不敏感而对碱性条件敏感;菌丝激发子粗提物对酸碱不敏感而对温度敏感。用Sephadex G-100柱层析的方法初步纯化2种激发子,并且菌丝激发子粗提物过柱后得到2个活性组分J14和J25;滤液激发子粗提物过柱后获得2个活性组分L9和L16。将4个组分进行烟草叶片过敏反应和I-895杨酶活性的诱导,结果表明,菌丝激发子强活性物质集中在J14组分;而滤液激发子强活性物质集中在L9组分。     

ACC合酶cDNA克隆及其对美洲黑杨体内乙烯产生的反义抑制

利用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术克隆了大豆ＡＣＣ合酶基因ＧＭＣＡＣＣＳＩ编码区１５ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经酶切图谱分析和序列分析鉴定后,反向插入到２元载体ｐＢｉｎ４３８中,构建了表达ＡＣＣ合酶反义ＲＮＡ的植物表达载体,转化农杆菌后用该农杆菌侵染美洲黑杨叶片,在含卡那霉素的ＭＳ培养基上选择转化子和植株再生,通过ＰＣＲ检测从抗卡那植株中选到１５株转基因植株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析初步确证了外源基因是以单拷贝插入到杨树基因组ＤＮＡ中;对杨树幼苗乙烯释放的测定结果表明转基因杨树幼苗的乙烯释放量为对照的２２％。     

开发实用的染色体加倍体系构建成烟草DH群体

通过对4种染色体加倍方法(烟草浸花药法、浸花培苗法,叶片再生法及浸腋芽法等)的比较研究表明：以4g／L浓度的秋水仙碱浸泡花药法加倍率最高达47．5％～75％,其次为叶片再生法(30％～36．67％)和浸苗法(16．67％～32．35％),而浸腋芽法较低(17．78％)。前两种方法加倍率虽高,但有较高畸形苗比率,叶片再生法工序较繁琐。作者认为烟草加倍单倍体产生,应以采用浸苗法为主。在使用秋水仙碱浸苗加倍时,添加DMSO可明显促进秋水仙碱的加倍效率,且促进作用随时间延长而提高：从高效、快捷和节约等原则考虑,我们开发了烟草有效的染色体加倍体系,以4g／L的秋水仙碱 20g／LDMSO溶液浸苗48h的效果最好。对两个组合烟草单倍体苗浸12h以上,其染色体加倍效率达到对照的2．30-2．93倍。本试验用较低浓度秋水仙碱添加DMSO有利于节约实验费用。通过完善染色体加倍技术程序已构建成2个DH群体,供基因定位研究。     

巨胚水稻W025糙米浸水后γ-氨基丁酸含量变化的研究

富含γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的降血压功能水稻正受到越来越多的关注。W025是通过化学诱变和杂交选育而成的水稻新品系,具有巨胚特征,遗传分析表明巨胚基因受单隐性基因控制。进一步研究W025和其原始品种金南风浸水后γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量及其合成关键酶——谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的动态,并用半定量RT-PCR检测了2个谷氨酸脱羧酶转录本在浸水过程的表达变化。结果表明,（1）GABA主要集中在胚部,浸水后W025的GABA积累量显著高于金南风。（2）随着浸水时间延长,谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）的活性呈逐渐增加趋势,W025胚部的酶活性显著高于金南风。GAD活性的变化与GABA的积累显著正相关,表明浸水后种胚GABA的积累与谷氨酸脱羧酶的催化反应有关。（3）2个谷氨酸脱羧酶基因OsGAD1与OsGAD2在W025和金南风之间没有转录水平的差异。提示可能存在其它的谷氨酸脱羧酶基因对浸水后GABA的积累起关键作用。     

农业科技示范园区评价指标体系的设置与实证分析

从农业科技示范园区建设目标出发 ,在分析园区作用机制和大量实地调研的基础上 ,运用层次分析法 (analytichierararchyprocess)设置出农业科技示范园区的 4个层次共 36个具体评价指标 ;结合专家咨询法 (Delphi)测算出各层次指标的权重值 ;用该指标体系对两个园区做了具体评价分析     

烟草NtNAC-R1基因内含子鉴定与瞬时表达分析

克隆烟草NtNAC-R1基因,并进行瞬时表达分析,探讨其是否含有内含子及其在烟碱生物合成中的调控作用.以烟草基因组DNA为模板克隆得到NAC转录因子NtNAC-R1,鉴定结果表明,该基因含有2个内含子.通过构建真核表达载体,建立瞬时表达分析体系,RT-PCR检测结果显示NtNAC-R1基因过表达,烟碱生物合成关键基因PMT表达量升高,JA信号途径标记基因PDF1.2和IAA响应基因IAA13表达量降低.瞬时表达分析表明,该基因受JA信号和IAA信号途径的交互对话影响,进而调控烟碱的生物合成.     

栗疫菌弱毒力特征的传递及其影响因素

栗疫菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)弱毒力 (hypovirulence)的本质是菌体中含有一种弱毒性病毒 (cryphonectriahypovirulenceviruses ,CHV)dsRNA(Choietal,1992 ;Morrisetal,1979)。栗疫菌的弱毒力菌株 (H菌株 )一般都具有将强毒力 (virulent)菌株 (V菌株 )转化为弱毒力菌株的能     

Catch per unit effort standardization of the eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fleet

A general linear model (GLM) was used to standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Bering Sea fleet for the years 1995–1999. Data were stratified temporally by year and season and spatially by area using either Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reporting areas. Four factors were used: vessel identification (ID) number, vessel speed, percentage of pollock by weight in the haul (a measure of targeting), and whether most of the haul took place before or after sunset. At least 29 combinations of main effects, quadratic covariates, and interactions were tested for each year/area/season stratum. GLM models explained from 31 to 48% of the total sums of squares. Vessel identification number was included in all models and explained the most variability. Of the remaining factors, the square of the percentage of pollock in the haul was included in most models, following an F-test to determine parsimony. Analysis of the vessel identification number coefficients indicated that larger vessels tended to have higher CPUEs; and that this relationship differed between dedicated catcher vessels and offshore catcher processors. Coefficient estimates and response surfaces generally indicated increased CPUEs with the percentage of pollock in the haul and showed mixed results with vessel speed. The vessel identification number incorporated most vessel characteristics, leaving vessel speed primarily as a fitting variable with less biological meaning. The year/area/season stratification procedure was found to be necessary due to the unbalanced design, which otherwise would have factor levels with no data in a large combined model. In addition, the stratification procedure reduced the variability in CPUE substantially.     

中药穿心莲对新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响

1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G7个试验组,每组组内设2个重复小组,每个重复小组35只鸡。A、B、C、D、E、F试验组添加穿心莲,G组不添加。各组均对新城疫进行首免和二免。结果发现,穿心莲能显著提高肉鸡的新城疫HI抗体滴度水平。另外,穿心莲的抗体滴度水平有一定的剂量依赖性,随着剂量的上升效果有提高的趋势。