鱼藤酮与氟虫腈混用增效对黄曲条跳甲的控制作用

黄曲条跳甲是蔬菜重要害虫，生产实践中亟需高效安全的防治药剂。采用浸渍法从有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、新型杂环、植物源类等共16种常用杀虫剂中筛选出对黄曲条跳甲成虫触杀活性较高的鱼藤酮和氟虫腈，两者以3：2混用时，处理后24h对黄曲条跳甲成虫的LC50为9．60μg／mL，共毒系数为230．14，增效作用明显。以此配方配制成6％鱼氟乳油，质量稳定合格，触杀活性强，作用迅速，以0．45μg/cm^2和0．75μg/cm^2剂量药膜法处理后48h校正死亡率分别为83．72％和98．70％；以50μg/mL处理试虫致死中时LT50为10．12min。鱼氟乳油处理显著增强对黄曲条跳甲成虫呼吸的抑制作用可能是其主要增效机制。6％鱼氟乳油450mL／hm^2处理后10天内，田间虫口减退率为72％～96％．防治效果为90％以上。     

辛硫磷对氰戊菊酯在抗性家蝇体内的增效机制

作者就辛硫磷对氰戊菊酯在抗拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的家蝇体内的增效作用进行了初步的研究。结果表明：在辛硫磷与氰戊菊酯同时存在时（质量比为２：１），家蝇体内未被降解的氰戊菊酯原化合物含量显著高于只使用等剂量氰戊菊酯时的对照处理（２．６－４．６倍）。同时，家蝇对氰戊菊酯的氧化代射速率降低（１７－４８％）。这些结果可能是辛硫磷对氰戊菊酯增效的主要作用机制，并对延缓害虫抗药性发展有积极的作用。     

灭多威与杀虫剂的联合毒力研究

室内采用浸渍法、喷雾法和点滴法分别进行了灭多威与杀螟硫磷、灭多威与异丙威对蚜虫和粘虫的联合毒力测定。结果表明灭多威与杀螟硫磷以１：７比例混配对蚜虫和粘虫均表现为增效作用,共毒系数（ＣＴＣ）分别为２４９．０３和１８０．３０;灭多威与异丙威以１：２比例混配对蚜虫和粘虫表现为显著增效,共毒系数分别为２３５．４５和２７４．３０。比较了３种生测方法对灭多威的杀虫活性影响     

光合细菌菌剂与噻唑膦协同使用对水稻根结线虫病防治研究

水稻根结线虫病近年来对我国的水稻生产造成了严重危害.探索低成本、高效安全的水稻根结线虫病防治方法对减少其危害具有极其重要的意义.本研究通过田间小区试验评价了光合细菌微生物菌剂与噻唑膦协同使用对水稻根结线虫病的防治效果及对水稻生产的影响.结果 显示,利用光合细菌微生物菌剂1 L/667m2与10％噻唑膦GR0.10 kg...     

Resistance to Beta-cypermethrin,Azadirachtin, and Matrine,and Biochemical Characterization of Field Populations of Oedaleus asiaticus (Bey-Bienko) in Inner Mongolia,Northern China

Oedaleus asiaticus (Bey-Bienko) is an economically devastating locust species found in grassland and pastoral areas of the Inner Mongolia region of northern China. In this study, resistance to three frequently used insecticides (beta-cypermethrin, matrine, and azadirachtin) was investigated in six field populations of O. asiaticus using the leaf-dip bioassay method. The inhibitory effects of synergists and the activities of detoxification enzyme activities in the different populations were determined to explore potential biochemical resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the field populations SB (resistance ratio [RR] = 7.85), ZB (RR = 5.64), and DB (RR = 6.75) had developed low levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin compared with a susceptible control strain. Both the SB (RR = 5.92) and XC (RR = 6.38) populations had also developed low levels of resistance against matrine, with the other populations remaining susceptible to both beta-cypermethrin and matrine. All field populations were susceptible to azadirachtin. Synergism analysis showed that triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl-maleate (DEM) increased the toxicity of beta-cypermethrin significantly in the SB population, while the synergistic effects of TPP, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and DEM on the toxicity of matrine were higher in SB (SR 3.86, 4.18, and 3.07, respectively) than in SS (SR 2.24, 2.86, and 2.29, respectively), but no synergistic effects of TPP, PBO, and DEM on azadirachtin were found. Biochemical assays showed that the activities of carboxylesterases (CarEs) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) were significantly raised in all field populations of O. asiaticus, with a significant positive correlation observed between beta-cypermethrin resistance and CarE activity. The activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) and multi-function oxidases (MFO) were elevated in all six field populations, and P450 activity displayed strong positive correlations with the three insecticides. Our findings suggest that resistance to beta-cypermethrin in O. asiaticus may be mainly attributed to elevated CarE and GST activities, while P450 plays an important role in metabolizing matrine and azadirachtin. Our study provides insights that will help improve insecticide resistance management strategies.     

石榴蓟马防治药剂筛选及喷雾助剂对药剂的减量增效作用

为了筛选对石榴蓟马有效的防治药剂, 同时评价添加喷雾助剂对药剂的减量增效作用,本研究开展了12种杀虫剂对石榴蓟马的田间防效试验, 同时将450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂常规用量减量10%、20% 后添加0.05%的有机硅Silwet 408、矿物油、芦荟精油助剂, 测定其对药液物理性能的影响及对石榴蓟马的田间防效, 评价喷雾助剂的减量增效作用。结果表明:12种杀虫剂对石榴蓟马具有较好的田间防效, 按照667 m2用量, 450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂10 mL、60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂30 mL、10%多杀霉素悬浮剂20 mL、240 g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂40 mL、25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂30 mL对石榴蓟马防效较高, 可作为防治石榴蓟马的临时推荐药剂。添加3种喷雾助剂均能显著降低药液的表面张力、增大扩展直径并提高药液持留量, 提高药剂对石榴蓟马的防效。相对常规用量, 通过添加有机硅Silwet 408、矿物油助剂可使450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂用量减量20%, 添加芦荟精油可使药剂减量10%。生产上可通过向450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂中添加3种喷雾助剂来达到对石榴蓟马减量增效的作用。     

Metabolic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)

The interactions between six insecticides (methiocarb, formetanate, acrinathrin, deltamethrin, methamidophos and endosulfan) and three potential synergists (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied by topical exposure in strains selected for resistance to each insecticide, and in a susceptible strain of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). In the susceptible strain PBO produced appreciable synergism only of formetanate, methiocarb and methamidophos. Except for endosulfan, PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the resistant strains. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found with acrinathrin, which reduced the resistance level from 3344- to 36-fold. PBO slightly synergized the carbamates formetanate (4.6-fold) and methiocarb (3.3-fold). PBO also produced a high synergism of deltamethrin (12.5-fold) and methamidophos (14.3-fold) and completely restored susceptibility to both insecticides. DEF did not produce synergism with any insecticide in the resistant strains and DEM was slightly synergistic to endosulfan (3-fold). These studies indicate that an enhanced detoxification, mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in F occidentalis. Implications of different mechanisms in insecticide resistance in F occidentalis are discussed.     

Monooxygenase mediated pyrethroid detoxification in sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

The role of monooxygenases in detoxification of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin was examined. Four strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) with normal or moderately reduced sensitivity towards the pyrethroids were tested in bioassays by exposure to the pyrethroid alone and in combination with an oxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The normal (baseline) sensitivity was considered as the sensitivity range for the two most sensitive strains. Pre‐treatment with PBO elevated the sensitivity (P < 0.01) compared with groups exposed to the pyrethroid only. A positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between the activity of haem peroxidases and the pyrethroid concentration immobilizing 50% of the parasites was demonstrated (ρ = 0.500 for deltamethrin and ρ = 0.310 for cypermethrin). The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in detoxification of pyrethroids in sea lice. ¹⁴C‐Deltamethrin was absorbed in a lesser amount in a group of sea lice exposed to a mixture of the compound and PBO than in a group exposed to ¹⁴C‐deltamethrin alone. A significant difference could be demonstrated both immediately after exposure (P < 0.01) and 24 h after exposure (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups pre‐treated with PBO and groups exposed to ¹⁴C‐deltamethrin only. ¹⁴C‐Deltamethrin was taken up mainly through the cuticle, especially the cuticle on the extremities of the ventral surface, and subsequently distributed throughout the body of the parasite. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

噻唑膦与硅肥联合使用对甘薯茎线虫病的防治效果

为了有效控制甘薯茎线虫病的危害,通过盆栽试验和田间试验分别研究了不同种类硅肥及噻唑膦对甘薯茎线虫病的防控效果。室内试验结果表明,单独施用硅肥对甘薯茎线虫病防治效果较差,但10%噻唑膦颗粒剂与不同种类硅肥联合使用后可显著降低甘薯种薯及薯苗受线虫侵染率,其效果优于单独使用等量的10%噻唑膦颗粒剂。田间施用噻唑膦后再增施硅肥,可使噻唑膦防治效果显著增高,甘薯受害率降低,甘薯产量提高。其中硅肥途保佳15 L/hm2与10%噻唑膦颗粒剂18 kg/hm2或22.5 kg/hm2联合使用后,对茎线虫病的防治效果均达到87%以上,显著高于10%噻唑膦颗粒剂22.5 kg/hm2处理。联合施用硅肥可以在减少噻唑膦用量情况下保持对茎线虫病较高防效,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

昆虫对苏云金杆菌抗性的研究进展(Ⅱ):克服抗性的对策

为克服害虫对Ｂｔ产生抗性，本文提出了以下几条有效措施，这些措施包括：Ｂｔ制剂的轮换、混合使用及与化学农药并用，筛选和开发具高毒力的新菌株，修饰蛋白基因以改善ＩＣＰｓ的功能，优化组合ＩＣＰｓ，充分利用孢子及其它增效因子。