猪传染性胃肠炎病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种能检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）含量的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,为猪传染性胃肠炎（TGE）的诊断和防治提供技术支持。【方法】根据TGEV TH98株的N基因序列设计1对特异性引物,扩增出目的片段,连接克隆载体后构建质粒标准品;对荧光定量的循环条件进行优化,建立猪传染性胃肠炎病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,对其重复性、特异性进行检测,并与普通PCR检测方法进行比较,最后应用该方法对采自陕西杨凌周边的30份临床样品进行检测。【结果】成功构建了质粒标准品,建立了检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,该方法特异性高、重复性好、敏感性比普通PCR检测方法高2个数量级,对质粒标准品的线性检测范围为1.0×10⁷～1.0×10¹拷贝/μL。用建立的检测方法对从陕西杨凌周边猪场采集的30份样品进行检测,检出4份阳性,与普通PCR检测方法符合率为100%。【结论】建立的TGEV荧光定量RT-PCR方法敏感性高、特异性好、省时省力,可以对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒进行快速检测。     

Functional Metagenomics to Mine Soil Microbiome for Novel Cadmium Resistance Genetic Determinants

Metal resistance genes are valuable resources for genetic engineering of bioremediation tools. In this study, novel genetic determinants involved in cadmium (Cd) resistance were identified using a small-insert metagenomic DNA library constructed from an arable soil microbiome. A total of 16 recombinant plasmids harboring 49 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found to be associated with enhanced Cd tolerance. In addition to several ORFs for ion transport/chelation and stress response, most ORFs were assumed to be associated with non-direct metal resistance mechanisms such as energy metabolism, protein/amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate/fatty acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Furthermore, 13 ORFs from five clones selected at random were cloned and subject to Cd resistance assay. Eight of these ORFs were positive for Cd resistance when expressed in Escherichia coli, among which four ORFs significantly reduced Cd accumulation and one increased Cd enrichment of the host cells. Notably, C1-ORF1, potentially encoding a histidine kinase-like adenosine triphosphatase, was the most effective Cd resistance determinant and reduced host Cd accumulation by 33.9%. These findings highlight the vast capacity of soil microbiome as a source of gene pool for bioengineering. The novel genetic determinants for Cd resistance identified in this study merit further systematic explorations into their molecular mechanisms.     

鸡TIGAR基因真核表达质粒的构建及其抗凋亡功能评价

【背景】 TP53诱导的糖酵解和凋亡调节因子（TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator,TIGAR）是p53下游的靶基因,具有调节糖酵解水平和去除活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）并降低由活性氧诱发的细胞凋亡水平。【目的】 构建鸡源TIGAR基因的真核表达质粒,并检测TIGAR基因在DF1细胞中的抗凋亡作用,为建立稳定表达鸡TIGAR基因的细胞系做准备。【方法】根据GenBank（登录号：XM_417232.6）中预测基因设计引物,利用RT-PCR的方法从SPF鸡脾脏中扩增鸡TIGAR基因,将扩增产物克隆至载体（Flag-CMV14）后送公司测序验证;随后构建进化树对鸡TIGAR基因与其他哺乳动物及水生动物的TIGAR基因进行同源性分析。将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞24 h后,使用新城疫病毒诱导细胞凋亡,利用Western Blot检测重组质粒表达情况以及Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase（PARP）裂解情况。此外还将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞,并于收样前2 h使用Staurosporine刺激细胞发生凋亡,分别在转染后24、48 h收集样品,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。【结果】 RT-PCR扩增TIGAR基因,在843 bp处出现目的条带与预测相符,构建的TIGAR真核表达质粒（Flag-TIGAR）经测序,结果显示其序列与GenBank上预测的基本一致。Western Blot结果显示在30 h、36 h收集的样品中PARP均被裂解且转染重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）的实验组与未转染质粒（MOCK）组或转染空载体（Flag-CMV14）组的样品相比,裂解的PARP表达量明显降低,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。流式结果显示：24 h 检测转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为11%（早期凋亡7.8%,晚期凋亡3.2%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率仅为4%（早期凋亡3.7%,晚期凋亡0.3%）,转染Flag-CMV14的早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR组,且差异显著（P<0.05）。48 h转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为20.3%（早期凋亡14.3%,晚期凋亡6.0%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率为6.4%（早期凋亡4.8%,晚期凋亡1.6%）,转染Flag-CMV14组的细胞早期凋亡和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR的组,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。【结论】成功扩增出鸡TIGAR基因,并构建了其真核表达质粒,通过Western Blot和流式实验均证实过表达TIGAR后可降低细胞的凋亡程度并有利于细胞存活。     

基于酿酒酵母的多片段质粒的构建

为避免现有的多片段质粒构建技术的弊端,提高多片段质粒构建效率,以构建树干毕赤酵母Agglutinin-like基因的敲除载体为例,利用酿酒酵母活体细胞重组系统,一次性将多个外源DNA片段和线性化质粒重组,形成环状质粒。通过引物设计在相互连接的DNA片段之间引入50bp重叠序列,用PCR扩增DNA片段后,与线性化质粒一起转化酿酒酵母,再用PCR和测序等方法鉴定阳性酵母菌落中质粒的正确性。通过本方法构建的多片段质粒正确率高、耗时短。     

Advancing approach and toolbox in optimization of chloroplast genetic transformation technology

Chloroplast is a discrete, highly structured, and semi-autonomous cellular organelle. The small genome of chloroplast makes it an up-and-coming platform for synthetic biology. As a special means of synthetic biology, chloroplast genetic engineering shows excellent potential in reconstructing various sophisticated metabolic pathways within the plants for specific purposes, such as improving crop photosynthetic capacity, enhancing plant stress resistance, and synthesizing new drugs and vaccines. However, many plant species exhibit limited efficiency or inability in chloroplast genetic transformation. Hence, new transformation technologies and tools are being constantly developed. In order to further expand and facilitate the application of chloroplast genetic engineering, this review summarizes the new technologies in chloroplast genetic transformation in recent years and discusses the choice of appropriate synthetic biological elements for the construction of efficient chloroplast transformation vectors.     

实时荧光定量PCR对瘤胃纤维分解菌定量方法的构建

试验构建了白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌及产琥珀酸丝状杆菌等3种瘤胃纤维分解菌实时荧光绝对定量PCR的标准品及标准曲线,以用于纤维分解菌的定量测定。提取瘤胃微生物总DNA,以各菌特异性引物进行PCR扩增,回收纯化PCR产物,与pMD18-T Vector连接并转化到大肠杆菌。用氨苄青霉素培养基筛选阳性重组质粒,提取含目的片段质粒DNA,通过PCR及测序鉴定重组质粒。根据OD值确定浓度,将梯度稀释的质粒作为模板,进行荧光定量PCR反应做出标准曲线。结果表明:所构建的3条标准曲线具有很高的相关性(R2>0.999),并获得了高扩增效率产物(白色瘤胃球菌为101%、黄色瘤胃球菌为98.0%、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌为97.7%),说明成功构建了瘤胃纤维分解菌实时绝对定量PCR的标准品和标准曲线,为定量研究瘤胃纤维分解菌奠定基础。     

NLRP3炎症复合体的体外构建

为体外构建NLRP3炎症复合体,利用PCR方法扩增目的基因NLRP3、IL-1β、ASC和Pro-Caspase-1,分别连接到相应的载体中,构建重组真核表达质粒p3XFLAG-NLRP3、pEGFP-C1-ASC、pEGFP-C1-IL-1β、PCI-CASP-HA,利用Lipofectamine2000试剂转染到HEK293T细胞后,采用Western blot方法验证各蛋白的表达情况;通过质粒共转染体外构建NLRP3炎症复合体,采用ELISA方法检测IL-1β生成情况。结果显示,3XFLAG-NLRP3、pEGFP-C1-ASC、pEGFP-C1-IL-1β、PCI-CASP-HA重组质粒均被成功构建,各蛋白于HEK293T细胞内均被成功表达;质粒共转染后ELISA检测到高水平的IL-1β生成,表明NLRP3炎症复合体体外构建成功。NLRP3炎症复合体在体外的成功构建,为进一步研究其激活机制奠定了基础。     

细菌耐药质粒消除方法研究进展

常见的病原微生物多重耐药性的增加以及多重耐药菌株的出现,给动物养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。细菌的耐药性与其自身携带的耐药质粒关系密切。论文从细菌耐药现状,细菌的耐药性和耐药质粒的关系,耐药质粒的物理、化学、中草药消除方法这几个方面进行综述,旨在寻求一种安全有效的消除方法消除耐药质粒,为今后相关的研究提供参考。     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.