Protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (S1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes tremendous economic losses associated with production inefficiencies and mortality in poultry industry worldwide. In the present report, the recombinant adenoviruses expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and S1 gene of nephropathogenic IBV were constructed and characterized. Then, the immunological efficacy and protection against homologous IBV challenge were assessed in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The results showed that the chickens vaccinated in ovo with rAd-S1, rAd-GM-S1 (GM-CSF fused with S1 using glycine linkers) and rAd-GM-CSF plus rAd-S1 (co-administered) developed specific anti-IBV HI antibodies. Moreover, the fusion of the GM-CSF markedly increased spleen cell proliferation and IFN-γ production while mild increased in IL-4 production, which demonstrated the enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses. Following challenge with IBV, the chickens in the group vaccinated with rAd-S1 fused or co-administered with GM-CSF had fewer nephropathic lesions and showed 100% protection as compared to that of rAd-S1 alone which showed 70% protection. It indicated that the single dose in ovo vaccination of the GM-CSF fused or co-administered with S1 of IBV could enhance significantly the humoral, cellular immune responses and provide complete protection against nephropathogenic IBV challenge. This finding may provide basic information for effective in ovo vaccines design against IBV.     

猪流感抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

猪流感病毒A／Swine／Fujian／668／2001（H3N2）株感染的鸡胚尿囊液，经差速离心后，再经蔗糖密度梯度离心，提纯、纯化的猪流感病毒经NP-40处理并反复冻融，作为猪流感间接ELISA抗原，确立了间接ELISA检测方法。对29份HI试验猪流感为阴性的血清进行了检测，经统计学分析，确定间接ELISA判定标准，被检血清OD490nm值≥0．20判定为阳性。该方法对猪瘟等11种猪疫病阳性血清无交叉反应，批内和批间重复试验的吸收变异系数分别在3．34％～8．12％和6．2％～9．04％之间。与HI的符合率达到92．8％，经卡方检验（P〈0．01）比HI试验敏感。为猪流感抗体检测提供了快速、准确、简便的方法。     

Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding,susceptibility to enteric pathogens,and TLR mediated immune responses

In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.     

1994—2009年我国部分地区37株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S蛋白基因序列分析

对自1994—2009年从我国5省区免疫鸡群中分离到的37株传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的S蛋白基因序列进行分析,发现S1基因序列存在广泛的氨基酸替换、缺失和插入现象,大部分IBV分离株S1基因的推导氨基酸序列变异主要集中在60～63、73～74、97、128、282～299位等。S2基因较为保守,主要在裂解位点后的2～47、122～152位发生氨基酸的替换,可见IBV S基因的不断变异可能是造成本试验所调查的5省区免疫鸡群IB频发的重要原因。遗传进化分析发现本试验所调查地区近十多年来肾型毒株仍是主要流行株,没有或少有4/91型毒株流行。所调研地区鸡的腺胃炎持续广泛地发生,但是从临床腺胃病料中很少分离到IBV,可见IBV不太可能是引起腺胃炎的主要病原。     

施氮量对甘蔗叶绿体超微结构和光合速率的影响

[目的]研究施氮量对甘蔗叶片叶绿体超微结构和光合速率的影响,明确氮素影响甘蔗光合作用的细胞学机理,为甘蔗合理施肥提供科学依据.[方法]以甘蔗品种GT11、ROC22和GXB9为试验材料,在温室内进行桶栽试验,设低氮、中氮和高氮3个施氮水平,即分别施用0、150和300 kg/ha尿素,于伸长期取叶片样品分析叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、叶面积、比叶重和叶绿体超微结构,并测定光合速率.[结果]3个甘蔗品种叶片的SPAD和叶面积均随施氮水平的增加而增加.GT11和ROC22的比叶重随施氮量的增加显著降低(P<0.05,下同),GXB9的比叶重在中氮水平最低.GT11在高氮水平下叶绿体超微结构正常;ROC22在中氮水平下叶绿体数量最多,但基粒片层数量显著少于高氮水平;GXB9在中氮水平下叶绿体数量最多,基粒片层与高氮水平时无明显差异.GT11和ROC22的净光合速率随施氮水平的增加而增加,GXB9净光合速率在中氮水平最高.[结论]甘蔗光合速率与叶绿体数量、叶绿体超微结构及基粒片层数量密切相关,且均受甘蔗品种和施氮量的共同影响.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒LN01/08株灭活疫苗的研制

为研制牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)灭活疫苗,本研究以国内分离鉴定的IBRV LN01/08株为种毒,优化病毒增殖条件,获得病毒滴度达108.0TCID50/mL,将其灭活制备疫苗.为比较不同免疫佐剂的效果,分别以矿物质白油和Montanide ISA206佐剂配制灭活疫苗,进行牛体免疫试验.临床观察和血清中和抗体检测结果表明,Montanide ISA206佐剂乳化的疫苗在降低副反应和增强免疫效果方面优于矿物质白油佐剂.应用Montanide ISA206佐剂制备3批灭活疫苗,并对其安全性和免疫保护效果进行测定.结果表明该疫苗安全可靠,对强毒攻击可产生较好的抵抗力,攻毒保护率达80%.疫苗在2℃～8℃保存12个月后仍能保持良好的免疫效果.     

山东地区牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从山东某地区发生呼吸道症状的奶牛场中采集样品,按常规方法处理后,接种牛肾细胞(MD-BK),分离病毒,盲传3代后,接种病料的MDBK细胞出现细胞圆缩、聚集成葡萄串样群落、在单层细胞上形成空洞等病变,且随着传代次数的增加,细胞病变更加规律。对所分离病毒进行TCID50测定,其TCID50值为108/ml;用IBRV特异性引物对分离病毒进行PCR扩增,获得与设计基因片段大小一致的特异性条带,序列测定分析结果确认所分离病毒为牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒。     

1株广东鸡源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定和毒力基因分析

从广东粤东地区某商品蛋鸡场的发病鸡群中分离到1株病毒（YS株）,经血凝和血凝抑制试验确定为新城疫病毒（NDV）.对该分离株的F蛋白氨基酸序列的分析结果表明,其F0裂解位点的氨基酸序列为1nR-R-Q-K-R-F117,且含有101K和121V,符合典型NDV强毒株的分子特点.遗传分析结果显示分离株属于基因Ⅶd亚型.F和HN基因的氨基酸相似性分析表明,分离株与基因Ⅶ型NDV Chicken/China/Shandong/02/2010株的相似性最高,均达到99％,而与常用疫苗株B1、V4、Clone30、Mukteswar和La Sota的相似性则较低,分别在86.8％～ 90.4％和87.2％～88.3％之间,说明分离株与经典的NDV毒株存在一定的差异.     

2种化学农药对斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的增效作用

在温度(28±1)℃的实验室条件下,用化学农药毒死蜱和除尽与斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SLNPV)混合感染4龄期的斜纹夜蛾幼虫。结果表明:终浓度为10%常用量的化学农药病毒悬液,7 d的毒力倍数为1 194.09和661.40;LT50缩短2.319~2.916 d;终浓度为5×106PIB/mL的SLNPV农药稀释液,5 d的毒力倍数为2.75和2,其理论值LT50分别缩短10.742 d和6.402 d。     

一例猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定

从临床疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑组织等病料中,经PCR扩增出大小为217 bp的伪狂犬病病毒gp50的基因片段,结果证实为猪伪狂犬病病毒(porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV)感染。随后采用BHK-21细胞进行猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离培养,该分离株经细胞传代培养5代后,能够产生典型的细胞病变,经PCR鉴定为伪狂犬病病毒,其病毒感染力达10^8.68 TCID₅₀/0.1mL。最后用10^7.0 TCID₅₀/mL病毒培养物接种家兔,48 h后注射部位出现典型瘙痒、皮肤破损等症状,于72 h后全部死亡。结果表明,该伪狂犬病病毒分离株对易感动物具有高致病性,为进一步开展该病毒流行病学、致病机理、疫苗免疫及诊断研究奠定了基础。