甘蔗分段收获经济效益分析

介绍了由4GZ-9型甘蔗割铺机、6BZ-5型甘蔗剥叶机以及7TS-15型甘蔗装载机组成的最小甘蔗收获系统,并对该系统进行了应用效益分析。通过分析说明采用分段式甘蔗收获技术在经济上是可行的,在目前国情下宜以分段收获作为切入点,促进我国甘蔗收获逐步实现机械化作业。     

云南省甘蔗收获机械推广难点及策略分析

根据云南省推广甘蔗收获机械的实际情况,从农户层面探究推广中存在的主要问题,分析宣传推广效果不佳的具体原因,从多个角度提出增强推广应用效果的可行性建议,为促进甘蔗收获机械在云南地区的应用提供参考。     

甘蔗收获机割台随动控制系统设计与试验

针对国内现有甘蔗收获机无法对割台高度实施自动控制的问题,设计了一种割台随动控制系统。系统由自重摆动式仿形机构、STM32控制器、位移传感器、上位机模组、按键模块、电磁阀及驱动模组组成。自重摆动式仿形机构与地面直接接触并保持贴附,实时检测收获作业时的地面起伏变化,同时可以依靠仿形机构外廓曲面减小收获机倒退时地面对自身关键部件的冲击。建立割台高度控制参数模型,运用PID控制算法,有效地实现收获机割台高度的精确控制,进一步提升了甘蔗收获机自动化水平和工作性能。田间试验结果表明,收获机在安装割台随动控制系统后,割台随地形起伏变化而变化,使破头率降低,平均破头率为21%,通过与人工控制收获试验对比,平均破头率下降18.5个百分点。     

4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机作业性能试验与分析

针对目前大中型甘蔗收获机不适宜坡地、小行距和小地块蔗地作业问题,研发了 4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机.为验证机器适应性和可靠性,对比现有机型,进行了田间试验.试验结果表明,4GQ-1C型甘蔗收获机在进行单行种植模式甘蔗收获时,相比132、194 kW两种机型的甘蔗收获机,具有甘蔗含杂率低、损失率低和作业灵活等优点,能适应小...     

基于改进YOLO v5s的复杂环境下蔗梢分叉点识别与定位

甘蔗蔗梢分叉点的精确识别与高度定位是实现甘蔗收获机切梢器实时控制的关键技术之一,也是提高甘蔗收获机械化水平和降低甘蔗含杂率的重要途径。针对甘蔗地环境复杂、光照变化大、蔗梢分叉点相互遮挡等问题,首先通过田间调查,并现场测试、分析甘蔗生长点、甘蔗分叉点及相互关系的特征规律,采集图像的甘蔗分叉点的统计分析,并结合现场对甘蔗分叉点高度的测量统计分析,发现其均具有明显的正态统计特征。接着,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v5s的蔗梢分叉点识别方法。该方法采用单目和双目相机在广西大学扶绥农科基地采集甘蔗图像数据,并进行数据预处理和标注,构建了甘蔗蔗梢分叉点数据集。然后,在YOLO v5s中引入BiFPN特征融合结构和CA注意力机制,以增强不同层次特征的交互和表达能力,并使用GSConv卷积和Slim-Neck范式设计,在原始模型主干网络中引入Ghost模块替换原始普通卷积,来降低模型的计算量和参数量,提高模型的运行效率。最后,通过在现场采集的数据集上进行训练和测试,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。实验结果表明,该方法在甘蔗蔗梢分叉点数据集上平均精确率达到92.3%、召回率89.3%和检测时间19.3 m...     

甘蔗渣制造活性炭的研究和试生产

本文研究了甘蔗渣用氯化锌法生产活性炭的可能性,探索最佳工艺条件和进行工业规模生产的可行性。实践表明,甘蔗渣是制造高脱色力糖用炭的优良原料之一,甘蔗渣用化学法生产活性炭操作工艺简单,产品质量优良,糖用炭的主要指标达到或超过林业部颁LY216-79一级品标准。     

白灵菇产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

通过多因子的摇瓶液体发酵优化试验,以白灵菇为始菌,研究其产木聚糖酶的情况。以甘蔗渣为唯一碳源,来测定处于不同条件下的培养基中的白灵菇所产木聚糖酶的酶活力,同时测定其相应条件下的菌丝体生物量。结果表明:其最适温度为24℃,pH为6.0,接种量为12.5%,摇瓶装液量为60ml/瓶,摇床转速为160rpm,培养天数为7d。最后以各个因子的最佳梯度做优化培养。其发酵液中木聚糖酶活力高达71.342IU/ml,菌丝体生物量也高达1.043g/60ml。     

基于RUSLE的蔗区小流域土壤侵蚀特征研究

[目的] 探讨广西壮族自治区典型赤红壤集约化蔗区小流域的土壤侵蚀状况,以及土壤侵蚀强度与不同坡度、土地利用类型的关系,为广西集约化蔗区小流域防治土壤侵蚀提供科学参考。[方法] 在GIS空间分析技术支持下,利用修正的通用土壤流失方程（revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE）对其进行定量估算。[结果] ①那辣小流域坡度在0°~35°之间,坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）分别占土地利用总面积的82.85%,10.99%,道路和沟渠共占6.16%。2020年流域平均土壤侵蚀速率为22.97 t/（hm²·a）,属轻度侵蚀水平,是水利部规定的南方红壤丘陵区土壤允许流失量5 t/（hm²·a）的4.6倍;②流域土壤侵蚀主要发生在5°~25°的坡度范围内,是预防和治理水土流失的重点区域;③不同土地利用类型中,平均侵蚀速率最大的是林地（桉树）,为53.59 t/（hm²·a）,分别是坡耕地（甘蔗）、道路、沟渠的2.84,2.12,27.91倍。[结论] 应用RUSLE模型通过借助软件输入相关参数和处理数据,即可估算出蔗区土壤侵蚀及不同坡度、土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度分布特征,应合理规划并利用管理好流域的坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）、道路等土地利用类型,采取具有针对性的、有效的水土保持措施。     

Influence of compost/sludge application on sugarcane yield and nitrogen requirement on a sand soil

Mineral soils in southern Florida are very low in organic matter content and most of the nitrogen (N) for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) must be supplied in split fertilizer applications. Information is needed regarding how the interaction of organic amendments and fertilizer N influences sugarcane yields. A field study on a sand soil (Alfisol) was established to determine (1) potential sugarcane yield benefits of a compost/sludge amendment, and (2) the influence of the amendment on N fertilizer requirement. A split-plot Latin square design was used with five N rates (main plots) and presence or absence of compost/sludge broadcast at 113 m³ ha^?1 (subplots). Annual N rates were 0, 67, 134, 202, and 269 kg N ha^?1. Compost/sludge application increased cumulative t sucrose ha^?1 by 36% averaged across N rates. The amendment also lowered annual N requirement by an average of 38%, but maintenance applications of compost/sludge will be required every four years.     

Soil quality indicators in Vertisols under sugarcane

Maintaining or improving soil quality is crucial for agricultural productivity. This study was undertaken on the north coast of Cuba with the objective to select soil quality indicators to characterise Vertisols. For the selection of soil quality indicators, we have conducted four field experiments where organic fertilisers (sugarcane filter cake, compost) and natural minerals (dolomite, zeolite) were applied. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was used in all experiments. Soil properties were determined such as the amount of water-stable aggregates, permeability, plastic limit, pH in water, pH in KCl, organic matter, P₂O₅ and K₂O. The sugarcane yield components such as cane yield (t ha^?1) and sucrose yield (t ha^?1) were evaluated. Principal components analysis and simple regression analysis were also performed. Both organic matter and water-stable aggregates were closely related to cane yield, with r values of 0.87–0.97. The properties with best responses to treatments over time were permeability, water-stable aggregates, degree of soil aggregation and organic matter; therefore, they can be considered as soil quality indicators for the studied Vertisols.