Fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss

The present study aimed to investigate the fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss during storage. The samples were taken from Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 100). Fifteen muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate the histological characteristics at 0 and 72 h of storage time. The statistical analysis revealed that a high drip loss group had greater endomysium thickness than a low drip loss group at 0 h of storage time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total number of fibers, fiber diameter, fiber area and perimysium thickness at 0 h of storage time (P > 0.05). At 72 h of storage time, a high drip loss was evident in higher total number of fibers (P < 0.01), but smaller fiber diameter (P < 0.05), fiber area (P < 0.01) and endomysium thickness (P < 0.01) than a low drip loss group. There was no significant difference in perimysium thickness (P > 0.05). In conclusion, drip loss might be affected by muscle structural characteristics during storage.     

Effect of a short duration feed withdrawal followed by full feeding on marbling fat in beef carcasses

The effect of feed withdrawal for 48 h, prior to initiation of the finishing (fattening) period (75 d) on carcass marbling fat was studied in 120 European × British cross-bred heifers with an average weight of 585 ± 39 kg. Heifers were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment with two dietary management treatments, where half the heifers were provided the feed components of steam rolled barley and barley silage either free choice or as a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 87% steam rolled barley and 13% barley silage with ad libitum vitamins and minerals via salt blocks for all animals. Within each dietary management treatment, 30 heifers were denied feed (water was available) for 48 h prior to the two week adaptation to the high grain diet preceding the 75 d finishing period. At the end of the 48 h feed denial blood samples were collected from the jugular vein prior to feeding for determination of glucose and insulin concentrations, which indicated that 48 h feed withdrawal consistently decreased (P = 0.0001) plasma concentrations of both glucose and insulin but the ratios of the concentrations of glucose to insulin were not affected. At slaughter samples of subcutaneous fat from the brisket (BF) and skirt muscle (pars costalis diaphragmatis; PCD) were procured for determination of chemical fat content, fat dissected from the muscle and for enumeration of adipocytes, less than 35 μm in diameter and to determine the average cell size in the dissected fat and from the BF by flow-cytometry of adipocytes fixed in osmium tetroxide. The carcass characteristics were also obtained. Although no differences due feed withdrawal for 48 h were evident for carcass weight, percent lean (saleable) meat yield, rib eye area, average fat cover, fat content of PCD or BF, the US marbling score was increased (P = 0.048) and the amount of dissected fat from the muscle tended to be higher (P = 0.107), thus 81% of the carcasses graded “US Choice” or “Canada AAA,” or displayed at least a “small” amount of intramuscular fat as compared (P = 0.0807) to 68% of the heifers not denied feed. Based on more than three years of weekly prices of carcasses that graded “Canada AAA” and “Canada AA,” these experimental results suggested that the expected price of a finished heifer could increase by $4.61 Canadian if a 48 h feed withdrawal was imposed prior to initiation of the finishing phase. Although significant differences in adipocyte numbers due to a single time 48 h feed withdrawal prior to initiation of the finishing phase were not detected, the carcass quality factors were affected leading to an odds ratio of 1.84 times in favour of cattle carcasses to grade “Canada AAA” than if fed continuously.     

SRSF10对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响

旨在克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,明确其生物学特性,并通过过表达和干扰手段阐明SRSF10对山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化的影响。本研究以简州大耳羊(Capra hircus)为试验对象,利用RT-PCR技术克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,并进行生物信息学分析; 利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术研究其在成脂诱导分化不同阶段细胞中的表达水平; 转染pcDNA3.1-SRSF10过表达载体和SRSF10-siRNA至山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞并诱导分化,通过油红O和Bodipy染色法从形态学上明确其对脂滴积聚的影响; 通过qPCR方法检测脂肪细胞分化标志基因表达的变化。结果显示,获得山羊SRSF10基因序列为1 026 bp,其中CDS区552 bp,共编码183个氨基酸; SRSF10在诱导分化96 h的肌内脂肪细胞中表达量最高; 过表达和干扰山羊SRSF10分别促进和抑制了肌内脂肪细胞中的脂滴积聚; 过表达后基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的相对表达量极显著上调(P < 0.01),干扰后分化标志基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα相对表达水平极显著降低(P < 0.01)。结果表明,山羊SRSF10是肌内脂肪细胞分化的正调控作用因子,并且这种调控作用可能主要通过调节SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的表达来实现。     

不同氮效率紫花苜蓿叶特征及其产量效应研究

为探讨不同氮效率紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)叶特征差异及其对产量的影响,本研究采用田间小区试验,设4个不同氮效率紫花苜蓿品种('LW6010'、'甘农3号'、'甘农7号'和'陇东苜蓿')和2个施氮处理(0,103.5 kg·hm-2),对比研究不同氮效率紫花苜蓿的叶特征及其生产性能,并采用通径分析法探讨叶...     

高羊茅幼穗分化过程及开花习性的观察

为阐明高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)的生殖生长过程,2008年4月下旬对高羊茅幼穗分化过程和开花习性进行观察。结果表明:高羊茅幼穗分化是一个连续的过程,可分为苞原基分化期,1次枝梗原基分化期,2、3次枝梗原基分化期、小穗及小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期5个时期;高羊茅开花的规律性很强,总穗轴最上部的小穗最先开花,然后向下进行,基部小穗最后开花;每个枝梗最上部的小穗最先开花,其次是该枝梗基部小穗开花,然后向上进行,上部数第2个小穗最后开花;小穗则是基部小花最先开放,然后向上顺序开放。     

黄河三角洲新生湿地不同植被类型土壤的微生物分布特征

为探明黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤微生物分布特征,选取盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)和拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)4种湿地植被土壤,分春、夏、秋3个季节对其中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量组成和分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:不同植被类型湿地土壤中各类微生物数量差别明显,但总体上均偏少,而且优势种类非常明显,以细菌为主,放线菌居中,真菌最少;不同微生物数量上具有明显的季节分布特征,除拂子茅湿地细菌群落外,其他各群落数量均为夏季高,春、秋低;湿地土壤中微生物总量分布存在明显的根际效应,其中细菌的根际效应最为明显;土壤中氮和磷(总氮、总磷、速效氮、速效磷)含量对细菌的数量影响最明显;真菌分布与氮的含量关系密切,但与磷素关系不大;放线菌分布与氮含量相关性小,与磷素呈负相关;微生物数量与土壤pH值和电导率呈一定程度的负相关。本区土壤微生物分布与植被类型、土壤盐分和养分关系密切,且具有明显的季节动态。     

N-甲基D,L-天冬氨酸对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验以杜长大肥育猪为试验对象 ,研究了N 甲基D ,L 天冬氨酸对其生长性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明 ,在日粮中添加 50mg/kgN 甲基D ,L 天冬氨酸使肥育猪 ( 1 )日增重提高 9.31 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,饲料转化率提高 7.1 6 % (P <0 .0 2 ) ;( 2 )胴体瘦肉率提高 6 .53% (P <0 .0 1 ) ,脂肪比率降低 1 1 .76 %(P <0 .0 1 ) ,背膘厚降低 1 9.72 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,眼肌面积提高 2 1 .0 1 % (P <0 .0 4 ) ;( 3)背最长肌、股二头肌和半膜肌重量分别增加 1 1 .3% (P <0 .0 1 )、1 0 .0 9% (P <0 .0 1 )和 1 4 .4 4% (P <0 .0 1 )。     

饲用玉米━多花黑麦草种植系统——饲用玉米氮素通量与氮素平衡

对成都平原典型代表区饲用玉米(Zea mays)-多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)种植系统(简称CIS系统)内氮素需求、转移、利用、通量与氮素平衡进行了分析。结果表明,不施氮条件下饲用玉米地上部生物量和氮素累积量分别达26 756.82和317.39 kg·hm^-2,与施氮条件下相比差异不显著。施氮改变土壤氮含量,影响了饲用玉米在不同生育期地上部和根系的干物质和氮素累积,但不影响收获期最终干物质和氮素累积;不同处理条件下,饲用玉米生长期内土壤(0-50 cm)氮素矿化量(283.34 kg·hm^-2)和播前土壤矿质氮量(139.58 kg·hm^-2)是饲用玉米氮素需求主要供给来源,分别占不施氮条件下氮素有效累积(地上植株和根系)的86.53%和42.50%;施氮(纯氮246.30 kg·hm^-2)条件下,氮素吸收效率、氮肥利用率和氮肥表观利用率分别为0.49 kg·kg^-1、5.95%和5.45%;土壤氮素残留和其它损失是氮素转移的主要途径,分别占氮肥总量的41.60%和51.44%,氮素地表径流、淋溶及其它损失分别是不施氮条件下的13.17倍、16.67%和46.92倍。     

施氮对新灌区不同间套种植模式产量及茬口养分特性的影响

在甘肃秦王川新灌区的大田试验表明，春小麦//蚕豆、春小麦/油菜、春小麦/马铃薯及春小麦//草木樨等4种间套种植模式均能提高农田的生产力；豆料作物与牧草显著地改善耕层的茬口养分特性，草木樨茬口不但速效养分含量高于其他模式，对提高土壤有机质和降低土壤容重也有明显效果。施氮能显著提高各种植模式的综合经济产量，但过量施氮时增产效果又有所下降，且在各茬口的速效磷含量产生较弱的负效应。     

犬瘟热,猫细小病毒,犬腺病毒弱毒株的理化特性及生物学试验

以鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）、猫肾传代细胞（ＣＲＦＫ）、狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）从引进的疫苗中分别分离到犬瘟热ＣＤＶ－Ａ株、猫细小病毒ＦＰＶ株、犬腺病毒ＣＡＶ１株。对三个弱毒株的细胞病变规律,形态特征,病毒滴度,理化特性,核酸型,血清学交叉反应,本动物的安全性及免疫原性等内容进行了试验。鉴定结果表明,３个弱毒株均可作为制苗用毒种