Species diversity of thrips (Thysanoptera) in selected avocado orchards from Mexico based on morphology and molecular data

Avocado is one of the most important crops in the world, and Mexico is the largest producer of this fruit. Several insect pests affect its production, and thrips are amongst the most important. A key step in the design of control methods is accurate species identification. Despite this, formal reports on species diversity of thrips in Mexico are very scarce. Morphological identification can sometimes be time-consuming and inconclusive. Therefore, we explored the species diversity of thrips in Mexican avocado orchards(Michoacan state) based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ). Forty-four specimens were analysed, which represented approximately 8% of all individuals collected from five localities distributed in three Municipalities. All specimens were analysed using the COⅠ marker, and specimens within the genera Frankliniella were also analysed using a marker within the D2 domain of the 28 S(28 SD2) nuclear ribosomal DNA. Molecular identifications were confirmed using morphological taxonomy. Overall, six genera were found(Neohydatothrips, Scirtothrips, Frankliniella, Arorathrips, Caliothrips and Leptothrips). All genera contained only one species, except Frankliniella, for which there were six species. Data from the two molecular markers suggest the existence of cryptic species within Mexican F. occidentalis populations.     

肉鸭PRKAG2基因表达水平与饲料效率性状的相关性分析

为了探讨PRKAG2基因在不同饲料效率肉鸭中的表达规律及与饲料效率性状的相关性,选取具有系谱记录的1000只H系公鸭,测定21~42日龄体增重和采食量,并计算剩余采食量(RFI)。根据RFI,挑选高低RFI个体各8只,采集胸大肌、腿肌和肝脏,采用q PCR检测高低RFI组肉鸭PRKAG2表达量。结果表明,PRKAG2基因在低RFI组胸大肌的表达量极显著高于高RFI组(P0.01),低RFI组腿肌中的表达量显著高于高RFI组(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,PRKAG2在胸大肌中表达量与日采食量、饲料转化率和RFI呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与代谢体重呈显著负相关(P0.05);腿肌PRKAG2表达量与日采食量、饲料转化率和RFI呈显著负相关(P0.05)。     

大豆微核心种质蛋白亚基含量变异的分析

大豆蛋白品质及其加工特性均受到各亚基相对含量及11S/7S的影响,了解大豆蛋白亚基相对含量变异将对选育蛋白专用型品种有重要的指导意义。于2008-2010年对236份大豆微核心种质材料的大豆蛋白亚基相对含量的变异情况进行了分析。结果表明:大豆微核心种质资源中蛋白各亚基相对含量有广泛的变异,有很好的遗传改良潜力,α′、α、β、A3、A1A2A4、B亚基的变异系数分别为0.410、0.330、0.311、0.211、0.123、0.170,11S/7S变异系数为0.400。不同生态区各亚基在相对含量和遗传变异程度上存在差异,总体来说,A1A2A4、B亚基相对含量和11S/7S在北方一熟制春作大豆品种生态区(Ⅰ区)比黄淮海二熟制春夏作(Ⅱ区)大,Ⅰ区分别为0.220、0.403、2.616,Ⅱ区分别为0.212、0.370、2.343。α′、α、β、A3亚基相对含量在Ⅱ区比Ⅰ区大,Ⅱ区分别为0.064、0.090、0.153、0.070,Ⅰ区分别为0.062、0.086、0.127、0.061。α′、β、A3、A1A2A4亚基相对含量的变异系数在Ⅰ区比Ⅱ区大,Ⅰ区分别为0.549、0.270、0.259、0.193,Ⅱ区分别为0.435、0.262、0.254、0.185。α、B亚基相对含量的变异系数和11S/7S的变异系数在Ⅰ区比Ⅱ区小,Ⅰ区分别为0.333、0.184、0.249,Ⅱ区分别为0.348、0.216、0.331。因此,在Ⅰ区α′、β、A3、A1A2A4亚基相对含量具有更高的遗传改良潜力,在Ⅱ区α、B亚基相对含量和11S/7S具有更高的遗传改良潜力。     

马唐炭疽菌Colletotrichum hanaui三类Gα亚基基因的克隆与序列分析

利用同源克隆的方法,首先克隆马唐炭疽菌Gα亚基基因的同源片段,再通过TAIL-PCR扩增基因片段的上下游邻接序列,经过序列拼接最终成功获得了3类Gα亚基基因cagA, cagB和cagC的全长序列。根据基因序列及CDS序列,运用相关生物学软件对基因序列及其推测蛋白进行了生物信息学分析。基因cagA全长1 380 bp,含5个内含子,编码355个氨基酸;cagB全长1 283 bp,含3个内含子,编码353个氨基酸;cagC全长1 382 bp,含4个内含子,编码354个氨基酸。蛋白同源分析表明,该菌的这3类基因推测蛋白与稻瘟病菌、小麦赤霉病菌中同类基因编码蛋白高度同源,同源率均在75%以上,最高可达99%。     

基于COⅠ序列的DNA条形码在中国南海裸胸鳝属鱼类中的应用

为探讨中国南海裸胸鳝属（Gymnothorax）鱼类系统发育关系,采用DNA条形码技术测定了6种中国南海裸胸鳝的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因部分序列（504bp）。结合来自GenBank中的分布于日本和3种同样分布于中国南海的裸胸鳝属鱼类的相应同源序列进行比较分析,用邻接法和最大简约法构建分子系统树。结果表明：（1）504个位点中共有187个核苷酸位点存在变异（37.1%）;（2）序列变异的转换/颠换比值平均为1.5;（3）细斑裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax fimbriatus）与黑斑裸胸鳝（G.favagineus）之间的同源序列碱基差异只有0.20%,支持二者是同种异名的观点;（4）在NJ树和MP树中,蠕纹裸胸鳝和网纹裸胸鳝聚为一支,位于系统树的基部位置。其余8种聚为另外一支,然后又细分为2个较小的分支。     

牛整合素β6基因的原核表达及其抗血清的制备研究

[目的]为深入研究ITGB6亚基的基因功能奠定基础。[方法]利用基因克隆技术获得整合素β6基因（ITGB6）胞外区,然后将其重组到pET-32a（＋）质粒中,经鉴定及序列分析确定获得了重组阳性克隆;转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,IPTG诱导及蛋白纯化。[结果]SDS-PAGE结果显示,在94 kD处出现特异性条带;对该融合蛋白进行分离纯化后免疫新西兰兔,制备ITGB6蛋白抗血清,Western-blot分析表明抗血清可与原核表达的ITGB6蛋白特异性结合,ELISA方法检测抗血清的效价可达到1∶2 560。[结论]成功表达了牛的重组整合素β6基因。     

家蚕表达传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2蛋白的免疫原性初步研究(英文)

在家蚕培养细胞及幼蚕中表达传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）主要宿主保护性抗原VP2蛋白的基础上,初步研究了该表达产物的免疫原性。Western免疫印迹和ELISA均检测到春蚕和秋蚕中的VP2蛋白活性。含VP2的春蚕蚕血制成的注射疫苗皮下注射18日龄非免疫鸡,两周后二免;含VP2的秋蚕蚕血冻干制成口服疫苗,隔天喂服18日龄非免疫鸡。于首免后第10,13,21,28,37日分别采血,第37日攻毒。病毒血清中和试验显示注射组及口服组的中和抗体滴度最高可达1∶4211.3和1∶3118.9,攻毒结果显示它们对IBDV中国标准强毒株BC6/85的攻击保护率为100%和80%。以上研究表明家蚕表达的VP2蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,从而为开发实用化低成本的疫苗打下了扎实基础。IBDV亚单位疫苗的口服免疫有效是一个重要发现。     

动物CACNA2D1基因研究进展

CACNA2D1基因是编码动物L-型钙离子通道2αδ1亚基的基因。有研究表明,CACNA2D1基因可影响钙离子通道钙流的性质,其单核苷酸变异与某些疾病有关。综述了CACNA2D1基因在生物学特性、染色体上的位置、基本功能、表达调控及其单核苷酸多态性与疾病的关系等方面的最新研究成果。     

Sequence and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the large subunit rRNA gene of bivalve: Simple and widely applicable technique for multiple species identification of bivalve larva

ABSTRACT:   One of the biggest and long-standing difficulties in investigation of larval ecology in the field is species-level identification. In the present study, we developed polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis based on the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene (rDNA) D1/D2/D3 region for identification of multiple species of bivalve larvae using 14 species of bivalve collected from Maizuru Bay. The LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region of all analyzed species could be amplified by PCR using bvD1f/bvD3r primers, and RFLP analysis by Hae III digestion on the PCR products showed species-specific fragment patterns. Furthermore, this analysis applied to single bivalve larvae in Maizuru Bay revealed efficient amplification of the target region and the species-specific pattern from 80% of the larvae, 75% of which showed a pattern that matched a certain pattern of the adult bivalves. In addition, the analysis of inter- and intraspecies variation of the LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region using the sequence data of the genus Crassostrea from the DDBJ database showed high applicability of this RFLP analysis on closely related species. Because of the wide applicability and technical simplicity, this method can become the standard for the identification of bivalve larvae species once the sequence data of the LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region of many bivalve species have been accumulated.     

Allelic variation at high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, in Japanese and Chinese hexaploid wheats

Variation in the electrophoretic banding patterns of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of 274hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties from China was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 27 different major HMW glutenin subunits were identified. Each variety contained three to five subunits and 29different glutenin subunit patterns were observed in274 Chinese hexaploid wheats. Seventeen alleles were identified based on the comparison of subunits mobility with that previously identified in a set of standard hexaploid wheats. The Chinese hexaploid wheats exhibited allelic variation in HMW glutenin subunit composition and the variation differed from that of Japanese and hexaploid wheats of other countries. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.