猪传染性胸膜肺炎重组亚单位疫苗诱导小鼠免疫保护效果的观察

重组表达猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要毒力因子基因:apxⅠ、apxⅡ、apxⅢ、apxⅣ、apfa和omp,以重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rOMP组合免疫小鼠作为试验I组,重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢr、OMPr、ApxⅣ和rApfa组合免疫小鼠作为试验Ⅱ组,PBS为对照组,分3次免疫小鼠,采用背部皮下多点注射,每次间隔2周,免疫剂量为0.2 mL/只,3免后1周分别以APP1型菌Shope 4074株(5×109cfu)和APP2型菌S1536株(5×1010cfu)进行攻毒试验。通过小鼠保护率与抗体效价的相关性研究、肺部病理变化及肺脏细菌的分布情况等指标进行综合评价。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组4种重组蛋白特异性抗体水平显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),对APP1型菌攻毒的保护率(9/10)明显高于试验Ⅱ组(5/10)和对照组(0/8),小鼠的免疫保护率与抗体效价之间存在显著正相关;且该组对APP2型菌攻毒的保护作用(无肺脏损伤)也明显优于其它两组(典型肺部损伤)。间接免疫荧光试验表明试验Ⅰ组对肺脏细菌的清除效果也明显优于其他两组。本试验揭示试验Ⅰ组对不同血清型APP攻击能够提供很好的交叉保护作用,从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

Two Akabane virus glycoprotein Gc domains induce neutralizing antibodies in mice

Akabane virus (AKAV), belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus and family Peribunyaviridae, causes reproductive and congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Its envelope glycoprotein Gc is a neutralizing antigen, on which at least five distinct antigenic regions have been identified. We attempted to identify the domains using truncated recombinant AKAV Gc proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with AKAV-neutralizing activity. Dot blot analysis revealed that amino acid positions 1–97 and 189–397 (Gc_1–97 and Gc_189–397) in the truncated recombinant proteins reacted with the mAbs. Additionally, AKAV was neutralized by sera from mice immunized with these recombinant proteins. The results suggested that the two domains contain neutralizing epitopes and could be potential subunit vaccines against AKAV.     

增强猪传染性胸膜肺炎灭活苗对小鼠保护力的研究

为了提高猪传染性胸膜肺炎灭活苗的保护力,本研究利用基因重组技术表达了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要致病因子蛋白:rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ、rApxⅣ、rApfa和rOMP。设立试验Ⅰ组(灭活苗),试验Ⅱ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rOMP),试验Ⅲ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rApxⅣ),试验Ⅳ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rApfa)和空白对照组(PBS),每组26只BALB/c小鼠,分3次免疫,每次间隔2周,每周检测血清抗体水平,在免疫后第2周、第4周和第5周,MTT法检测脾脏T细胞增殖水平及ELISA法测定IFN-γ分泌水平。在第3次免疫后的第7 d,将每组剩余20只小鼠平均分成2组,分别以APP1型菌(5×10~9 CFU)和APP7型菌(1×10~(11) CFU)进行攻毒保护试验。结果表明,向灭活苗中添加重组亚单位成份可以提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,并能提高灭活苗的交叉保护率;试验Ⅱ组的ApxⅠ和OMP抗体水平以及细胞免疫水平均显著高于其它各组(p<0.05),对于APP1和APP7型菌的攻毒也提供了明显优于其它各组的保护结果,试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的细胞、体液免疫水平及保护率较试验Ⅰ组也有所提高。结果显示出ApxⅠ、OMP抗体水平和细胞免疫水平与攻毒保护率之间存在着正相关性,向灭活苗中加入重组蛋白成份可以提高疫苗的交叉保护,试验Ⅱ组通过激活体液免疫和细胞免疫,对两个血清型APP的攻击提供了很好的保护作用,从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌皮肤坏死毒素亚单位蛋白的制备及免疫原性研究

为获得针对猪萎缩性鼻炎主要病原体——多杀性巴氏杆菌皮肤坏死毒素的高免疫原性抗原，本试验构建、表达并验证该毒素的亚单位蛋白抗原，将猪多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素PMT基因与pMD19-T载体进行连接、转化，经序列分析鉴定后，分别使用BamH Ⅰ、Hind Ⅲ与Blp Ⅰ限制性内切酶将其酶切为3个基因片段。将片段1（Tox1）、片段2（Tox2）和片段3（Tox3）分别亚克隆至原核表达载体pET32-b、pET32-a和pET32-b中，构建3个重组表达载体。将重组表达载体转化E.coli BL21（DE3）感受态细胞，经IPTG诱导后，分别进行SDS-PAGE与Western blotting检测，并使用小鼠与豚鼠初步研究其免疫原性。结果显示，构建的3个基因片段长度分别为776、409与410 bp，与GenBank中相关序列具有高度同源性；3个蛋白片段表达正常，表达量分别达到379.95、447.62与459.82 μg/mL，SDS-PAGE验证条带分别为75、77与53 ku；因3个片段位置不同，仅Tox3有Western blotting检测条带，与理论预测相符；使用3种表达蛋白免疫小鼠与豚鼠后，二免后14 d，血清经试剂盒检测阳性率达到100%，对二免后14 d小鼠攻毒保护率达到93%。本研究成功构建了PMT的3个亚单位活性片段，且具有较好的免疫原性。     

沙门氏菌菌蜕佐剂增强结核分枝杆菌4种蛋白的免疫作用研究

探究肠炎沙门氏菌菌蜕(ghost)佐剂对结核分枝杆菌(MTB)4种抗原的免疫增强作用,本研究以MTB中的Rv3802、Rv0394c(SEC)、Rv0199及E6c10(ESAT6与CFP10融合蛋白)蛋白为免疫原,应用小鼠模型评价沙门氏菌菌蜕对MTB4种抗原的免疫佐剂效应。结果显示,蛋白加菌蜕佐剂组可以刺激小鼠产生持久高水平的抗体,并且菌蜕佐剂的免疫增强效果高于弗氏不完全佐剂;IgG1/IgG2a的比率增高,提示蛋白加菌蜕佐剂组小鼠趋向于Th2型免疫反应,同时可以诱导淋巴细胞分化为CD4+T细胞亚群并产生IFN-γ及IL-4细胞因子;病理组织学显示以菌蜕佐剂配伍蛋白制备的亚单位疫苗具有良好的安全性。本研究为结核病的预防和新型疫苗的研发奠定了一定的基础。     

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Main Lineages of Nymphalinae （Nymphalidae： Lepidoptera） Based on the Partial Mitochondrial COI Gene

The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Nymphalinae （sensu Chou 1994） were analyzed based on 1 488 bp of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I （COI） gene sequence data obtained from 24 individuals, along with those of eight species obtained from GenBank. The base compositions of this COI fragment varied among the individuals as follows： T 39.9%, C 14.6%, A 32.2%, and G 13.4%, with a strong AT bias （72.1%）, as usually found in insect mitochondrial genomes. The A ＋T contents of the third, second, and first codon positions of the COI fragments in this study was 92.4, 62.2, and 61.4%, respectively. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by neighbor-joining （NJ）, maximum likelihood （ML）, and Bayesian methods by using Byblia anvatara as outgroup. Phylogenetic analyses based on the COI gene sequence data created very similar topologies, which were producing trees with two main clades A and B, and five subclades. The data indicated that the tribes Nymphalini and Hypolimni （sensu Chou 1994） are not monophyletic groups, and the genus Junonia should be removed from Nymphalini to Hypolimni （=Junoniini）. On the basis of the data, the Symbrenthia and Araschnia had a relative distant relationship with the rest of Nymphalini. The relationships of species in the Nymphalini were confirmed via the NJ, ML, and Bayesian methods, namely （（（（Nymphalis ＋ Kaniska） ＋ Polygonia） ＋Aglais） ＋ Vanessa） ＋ （Symbrenthia ＋Araschnia）. This investigation provides a little novel information for Chinese researches of butterflies.     

Effect of AMPKα2 gene silencing by shRNA recombinant plasmid on chloride-mediated anoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat cardiomyocytes

AIM: To explore the role of AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit (AMPKα2) gene in chloride-mediated anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury by transfection of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector targeting to AMPKα2 gene into H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Recombinant shRNA expression vector pSuper-AMPKα2 targeting to AMPKα2 gene was constructed and transfected into H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The protein expression of AMPKα2 was determined by Western blotting. The cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, A/R group, Cl^--free A/R group, pSuper+Cl^--free A/R group and pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA+Cl^--free A/R group. After treatment, the cell viability was detected by MTT assay. LDH activity was analyzed with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The apoptotic rate and the level of intracellular ROS was measured by flow cytometry. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px was analyzed by a colorimetric method. RESULTS: The result of sequencing proved that the recombinant plasmid pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA was correctly constructed. The protein level of AMPKα2 significantly decreased after the plasmid was transfected into the cardiomyocytes. Compared with A/R group, the cell viability and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, while the activity of LDH, apoptotic rate and ROS production were significantly decreased in Cl^--free A/R group. The protective effect of Cl^--free solution on the A/R-induced injury of cardiomyocytes was abolished, and the ROS production was increased and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px was decreased after the cells were transfected with pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA. CONCLUSION: Recombinant plasmid pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA is successfully constructed, and silencing of AMPKα2 gene abolishes the protective effect of Cl^--free solution on A/R injury.     

细胞信号肽酶复合体亚基1与牛病毒性腹泻病毒复制的相关性分析

旨在探明信号肽酶复合体亚基1(signal peptidase complex subunit 1,SPCS1)影响牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)复制的作用。使用Benchling和CHOPCHOP等平台设计靶向SPCS1基因的sgRNA,克隆至慢病毒载体lentiCRISPR v2,连同包装质粒pSPAX2和pMD2.G转染至人胚肾细胞HEK-293T中,包装慢病毒并感染MDBK细胞,用嘌呤霉素筛选5代后获得敲低SPCS1蛋白后稳定表达的细胞,用Western blot检测SPCS1蛋白表达的情况;使用荧光定量PCR和免疫荧光分析检测BVDV感染SPCS1蛋白敲低细胞不同时间后5'非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)mRNA的水平和双链RNA(double-stranded,dsRNA)积累,利用倒置显微镜观察BVDV致细胞病变(cytopathic effect,CPE)情况,根据Reed-Muench方法测定病毒滴度变化情况。结果：Western blot检测SPCS1蛋白表达量明显下降,成功构建SPCS1敲低(knockdown,KD)细胞;BVDV感染SPCS1 KD细胞后与对照Scramble相比,BVDV 5' UTR mRNA水平和dsRNA量均显著性降低(P < 0.01),CPE现象推迟并减弱,子代病毒滴度显著性下降(P < 0.01),最高降低95.8%。SPCS1敲低后显著性影响BVDV复制,为BVDV防控新技术的建立提供理论依据。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异及其与品质和其它农艺性状关系的研究

本研究应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了国内外757份供试材料的高分子量（HMW）麦谷蛋白亚基组成。共发现65种HMW亚基组成，其中53种为常见型，12种为罕见型。国外品种的亚基组合数多于国内品种，国内育成品种又多于国内地方品种。作者还发现了部分罕见亚基，即由Glu-D1编码的亚基2.2+12，2+10，2，12以及前人未曾发现的3个亚基。研究