PEG渗透胁迫下3份大麦材料幼苗叶片抗旱生理特性分析

以甘啤4号、哈瑞特和D- 22大麦为材料,测定不同浓度PEG6000(5％、10％、15％、20％、25％和30％)渗透胁迫处理下大麦幼苗叶片的相对含水量、Pro含量等生理指标,分析PEG渗透胁迫模拟干旱对大麦生理生化特性的影响.结果表明,随着PEG溶液浓度的增加,三个材料的大麦幼苗叶片的相对含水量均下降,而脯氨酸含量...     

Impact on soil physical properties of using large-grain legumes for catch crop cultivation under different tillage conditions

In Central Europe, various plant species including large-grain legumes and their mixtures are grown as catch crops, particularly between grains harvested early and subsequent summer crops. This article investigates the question of how soil structure in the topsoil is influenced when catch cropping with large-grain legumes (experimental factor A: without catch crop, with catch crop) under different ploughless tillage conditions during catch crop seeding (experimental factor B: deep tillage/25–30 cm, shallow tillage/8–10 cm). Five one-year trials were performed using standard machinery at various sites in Germany. Soil core samples extracted from the topsoil in the spring after catch crop cultivation served to identify air capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and precompression stress. The above-ground and below-ground biomass yields of the catch crops were also determined at most of the sites. In addition, the soil compaction risk for the working steps in the experiments was calculated using the REPRO model.The dry matter yield of the catch crops varied considerably between the individual trial sites and years. In particular, high levels of dry matter were able to form in the case of early seeding and a sufficient supply of precipitation. The soil structure was only rarely affected positively by catch crop cultivation, and catch crops did not contribute in the short term to loosening already compacted topsoils. In contrast, mechanical soil stresses caused by driving over the ground and additional working steps used in cultivating catch crops often led to lower air capacity in these treatments. This is consistent with the soil compaction risks calculated using the REPRO model, which were higher in the treatments with catch cropping. Catch crop cultivation also only resulted in improved mechanical stability at one location. The positive effect of deep ploughless tillage on air capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity, however, became more clearly evident regardless of catch crop cultivation. In order for catch crop cultivation with large-grain legumes to be able to have a favourable impact on soil structure, it is therefore important that cultivating them does not result in any new soil compaction. In the conditions evaluated, deep tillage was more effective at loosening compacted topsoil than growing catch crops.     

水分胁迫下玉米叶片中一氧化氮与钙和钙调素的相互作用

以玉米(Zea mays L.)为材料,研究水分胁迫下玉米叶片中NO与Ca2+和钙调素(CaM)含量之间的关系。结果显示:Ca2+鳌合剂、Ca2+通道阻塞剂和CaM拮抗剂预处理均抑制了水分胁迫诱导的NO产生和一氧化氮合酶(nitric ox-idesynthase,NOS)活性的提高,同时也能抑制水分胁迫诱导的叶片线粒体NO产生,而对叶绿体NO产生并没有影响;NO清除剂羟基2苯基4,4,5,5四咪唑1羟基3氧化物(2-4-carboxypheny l-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide,c-PTIO)能抑制水分胁迫条件下Ca2+和CaM的产生以及CaM1基因表达,但对水分胁迫最初诱导的玉米叶片叶肉细胞原生质体Ca2+和玉米叶片中CaM1基因表达以及CaM含量增加没有影响。上述结果表明:水分胁迫下NO和Ca2+/CaM之间存在相互作用。     

硼和氯化钠复合胁迫对小麦幼苗的影响

以盆栽小麦幼苗为供试植物,设定培养基质硼浓度分别为0、50、100 mg·kg^-1,氯化钠浓度分别为0、1、2 g·kg^-1,研究了硼和盐复合胁迫对植物生长的影响。结果表明,硼和氯化钠的单独胁迫均能显著抑制小麦生长;硼浓度为50 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠加重了硼对小麦生长的抑制;硼浓度为100 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠缓解了硼对小麦生长的抑制。硼和氯化钠的复合胁迫以及高硼胁迫使根冠比显著增大,氯化钠抑制了小麦对硼的吸收。综合来看,当硼胁迫较严重时,盐胁迫可以促进小麦增大根冠比和减少硼吸收来抵御硼毒害。     

3种木本植物对NaHCO_3胁迫生理响应的比较

对不同耐盐性的3种木本植物华北卫矛、金银忍冬和红皮云杉在NaHCO3胁迫下的相对生物量、游离脯氨酸质量摩尔浓度,以及叶绿素、Na+、K+质量分数和Na+/K+等生理指标进行了比较研究。结果表明,随着胁迫强度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,NaHCO3对3种木本植物生长的影响逐渐增加;Na+、K+等无机离子是金银忍冬主要的渗透调节物质,而华北卫矛和红皮云杉的渗透调节物质则主要为游离脯氨酸;叶绿素质量分数随胁迫强度的增加先升后降,变化幅度依次为红皮云杉华北卫矛金银忍冬;3种植物耐盐碱胁迫能力由强至弱依次为金银忍冬、华北卫矛和红皮云杉。     

NaCl对酸模叶蓼相关生理指标的影响

[目的]研究NaCl溶液对酸模叶蓼幼苗相关生理指标的影响。[方法]以药用植物酸模叶蓼幼苗为试验材料,将其用不同浓度的NaCl溶液（0、50、75、100、125、150 mmol/L）处理,测定其中的叶绿素、可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量,以判断酸模叶蓼的抗盐能力。[结果]在NaCl浓度≤125 mmol/L时,叶绿素含量随着盐浓度的增加而显著增加,而MDA含量随着盐浓度的增加而显著减少,可溶性糖含量则是先增加后降低;在NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L时,叶绿素含量明显比对照组的含量少,MDA含量明显比对照组的量大,可溶性糖含量也高于对照组。[结论]在0～150 mmol/L浓度范围内时,NaCl对酸模叶蓼的胁迫作用会致使酸模叶蓼启动自身的防御机制来适应这种胁迫的环境,表明酸模叶蓼具备一定的抗盐能力。     

大花萱草对水分胁迫的光合响应

对黄色(T1)、金黄色(T2)和红色(T3)3个不同大花萱草的品系进行水分胁迫,利用CI- 340便携式光合仪测定了其水分胁迫下叶片的光合特性.结果表明:3种大花萱草的光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,在中午有明显的“午休”现象,干旱处理下的3种大花萱草光合速率明显低于对照;随胁迫程度的增大,各品系的光合速率均呈缓慢增加然后迅速降低的变化趋势,T1黄色品系表现出较强的光合能力,T3红色品系其次,T2金黄色品系的光合能力表现最弱.     

团头鲂(Megahbrama amblycephala) Caspase 9 基因全长cDNA的克隆及在氨氮胁迫下的表达分析

为了解团头鲂(Megahbrama amblycephala) Caspase 9基因序列特征及其在氨氮胁迫过程中的作用,应用末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术克隆得到团头鲂Caspase 9基因全长1613 bp的cDNA序列,包括185 bp的5 '末端非翻译区(Untranslated regions,UTR)、96 bp的3'UTR、1332 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF).氨基酸多序列比对显示,平均同源性为77.74％,表明团头鲂Caspase9基因具有较高的保守性;系统进化分析显示,该基因氨基酸序列与其他鱼类Caspase 9聚为一支,并与锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio) Caspase 9亲缘关系较近;荧光定量PCR结果显示,Caspase 9基因在团头鲂各组织中均有表达,在脑中表达量最高,在肌肉中表达量最低,同时,在胁迫和恢复过程中,该基因在肝和脑中的表达规律相似,均在胁迫期间出现表达量上调,整体呈类似波浪形表达谱.研究结果表明,氨氮胁迫下,Caspase 9基因参与团头鲂的免疫防御,并与细胞凋亡分子过程有关.本研究结果可为进一步了解团头鲂应答氨氮胁迫分子机制提供理论依据.     

低磷胁迫下玉米自交系磷高效基因型筛选

采用小区试验,在不施磷(P0)和施磷(P1)条件下,研究了26个玉米自交系的磷营养效率.结果表明:供试材料按对磷的吸收效率可划分为高效吸收型、中效吸收型和低效吸收型;按对磷的利用效率可划分为高效利用型、中效利用型和低效利用型.研究中发现供试材料中只有极少数属于磷高效型,耐低磷条件,绝大多数属于磷中、低效型.植株相对磷浓度可作为玉米吸磷效率的指标,相对产量可作为其磷利用效率指标.