金黄色葡萄球菌px-1 DNA芯片的制备及检测

提取金黄色葡萄球菌px—1总DNA经酶切后,与载体质粒Puc18链接,并转化E.coli DH5α,从而构成金黄色葡萄球菌px—1的基因文库。用PCR方法扩增基因文库,所得PER产物点于芯片上,从而制各px—1DNA芯片。分别提取不同盐浓度培养的px—1的总RNA,把不同盐浓度培养的px—1的总RNA反转录为DNA,用Cy3,CY5分别标记反转录的DNA。通过杂交检测芯片,并获得杂交图像。     

仔猪渗出性皮炎灭活疫苗的研制与应用

从发病猪场采集仔猪渗出性皮炎病料,分离培养,鉴定出病菌为猪葡萄球菌,制备成铝胶灭活疫苗,免疫于产前1个月母猪2次,免疫效果明显。     

In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic profiles of four polyether ionophores against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp.

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and pharmacodynamic profiles of four ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against staphylococcal isolates from clinical cases of human and veterinary staphylococcal infections, and to determine the effect of methicillin resistance on the antimicrobial activity of ionophores. Broth microdilution MIC testing was used to determine antimicrobial activity against 156 staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origin. Pharmacodynamic profiles were examined using time-kill kinetics profiles against an ATCC type strain of Staphylococcus aureus and a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. All tests were performed in accordance with CLSI guidelines. All four ionophores demonstrated antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci at concentrations similar to those observed for methicillin-susceptible isolates of the same species. Testing of human and veterinary MRSA isolates also showed that MIC values were not influenced by the host origin of the isolates. Pharmacodynamic profiles were similar for both isolates tested across all four ionophores, with similar reductions in viable cell counts being observed over an 18- to 24-hr period. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin all demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origins, with activity being unaffected by methicillin resistance status, although some Staphylococcus species-specific effects were observed that require further investigation.     

獭兔金黄色葡萄球菌和波氏杆菌混合感染的诊治

四川某獭兔养殖场2001年2月～3月底爆发一种以呼吸道症状为主的疾病,表现为流鼻涕、鼻塞、喷嚏、咳嗽,严重者流脓性鼻液,采食量长期低于正常水平,但没有死亡,发病率85%～90%,兔消瘦,被毛粗糙.以病兔鼻液、气管黏液、肺组织为病料分离细菌,经过对分离细菌镜下形态、培养特性和生化试验,确认为葡萄球菌和波氏杆菌的混合感染,经药敏实验筛选敏感药物氧氟沙星、红霉素配合治疗,取得较好疗效.     

Potential for pet animals to harbour methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when residing with human MRSA patients

Colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be persistent in people and is horizontally transmissible. The scientific literature suggests that domestic pets may also participate in cross-transmission of MRSA within households. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage by pets residing in households with an MRSA-infected person. From 66 households in which an MRSA-infected patient resided, we screened 47 dogs and 52 cats using a swab protocol. Isolates from pets and humans were genotyped using two techniques and compared for concordance. Human participants completed a 22-question survey of demographic and epidemiologic data relevant to staphylococcal transmission. Eleven of 99 pets (11.5%) representing 9 (13.6%) of households were MRSA-positive, but in only six of these households were the human and animal-source strains genetically concordant. Human infection by strain USA 100 was significantly associated with pet carriage [OR = 11.4 (95% CI 1.7, 76.9); P = 0.013]. Yet, for each day of delay in sampling the pet after the person's MRSA diagnosis, the odds of isolating any type of MRSA from the pet decreased by 13.9% [(95% CI 2.6, 23.8); P = 0.017)]. It may be concluded that pets can harbour pandemic strains of MRSA while residing in a household with an infected person. However, the source of MRSA to the pet cannot always be attributed to the human patient. Moreover, the rapid attrition of the odds of obtaining a positive culture from pets over time suggests that MRSA carriage may be fleeting.     

阿莫西林在猪血清和组织液中对金黄色葡萄球菌的半体内药动-药效同步模型的研究#br#

 【目的】为合理应用阿莫西林治疗猪金黄色葡萄球菌感染。【方法】采用了体内药动和体外药效联合的方法研究了阿莫西林在血清和组织笼液中抗金黄色葡萄球菌的活性。【结果】体外测定,阿莫西林在血清和组织笼液中对猪金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC均在0.2 µg•mL-1＜MIC＜0.4 µg•mL-1的范围之内。如果在血清和组织液中添加更多的细菌,则需要高于MIC药物浓度才能能持续抑制细菌的生长。猪按10 mg•kg-1的剂量肌内注射阿莫西林后,在血清中,半效浓度（EC50）为143.63±54.35,即血清药物浓度为2.39 μg•mL-1时可产生50%最大效应。在组织液中,半效浓度（EC50）为29.61±5.07,即组织液药物浓度为0.49 μg•mL-1时可产生50%最大效应。【结论】临床上选择阿莫西林治疗猪金黄色葡萄球菌感染时,用药的剂量和间隔应根据实际情况确定,当治疗猪金黄色葡萄球菌轻度感染时,建议给药方案可设定为10 mg•kg-1体重的剂量进行颈部肌内注射,给药间隔为2次/日。当治疗重度感染时由于体内MIC的升高,体内药物维持抗菌时间减少,必须增加给药次数,可设为3次/日,必要时可增加为4次/日。     

浓戊二醛防冻消毒剂的防冻及消杀效果

为考察添加防冻剂(乙二醇)的浓戊二醛消毒剂防冻及消杀效果,对不同温度条件下添加不同量防冻剂的浓戊二醛消毒剂(防冻剂/浓戊二醛消毒剂体积分数分别为2％、3％、4％、8％、10％、12％、14％)进行了冻结试验,并对其抑菌及杀灭非洲猪瘟病毒效果进行了验证,利用硫酸滴定法检测防冻剂对浓戊二醛有效含量及稳定性的影响.结果显示:...     

动物源性耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌耐药表型及基因型鉴定

通过耐药表型及基因型检测对临床分离的41株葡萄球菌进行了鉴定，鉴定出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）16株，耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)4株。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）阳性率达到48.8%，这提示兽医临床必须提高对MRS的重视，并为临床鉴定MRS提供了可借鉴的方法。     

PCR扩增Nuc基因检测奶牛乳腺炎致病性金黄色葡萄球菌

为建立奶牛乳腺炎金黄色葡萄球菌致病菌株的检测方法,依据金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶Nuc基因序列,设计合成特异性引物,通过聚合酶链式反应扩增Nuc基因,并将扩增基因克隆入T载体,进行序列测定,对所分离的奶牛乳腺炎病原菌进行鉴定.结果显示:金黄色葡萄球菌扩增出特异性条带,大小为694bp;其他菌株未出现条带.敏感性检测的最低浓度为1.25×103 cfu/mL.本试验所建立的方法具有特异性强、敏感度高的特点.     

氨苄西林对细菌生长抑制作用的测定

【研究目的】抗生素是某些微生物在生长代谢过程中产生的次级代谢产物,具有抑制或杀死微生物的能力。根据抑菌带的长短,即可判断氨苄西林对不同细菌的影响以及不同浓度氨苄西林对同一种菌的影响,初步判断其抗菌谱。【方法】采用滤纸条法测定氨苄西林的抗菌谱,选用的菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌。【结果】随着氨苄西林浓度的增加,抑菌带的长度逐渐增长,抑菌效果越来越强,但同一浓度的氨苄西林对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果差别不是很明显。【结论】氨苄西林通过抑制转肽作用使细菌的细胞壁解体而死亡。