玉米种子清蛋白 PAGE 谱带稳定性及玉米杂交种纯度检验

利用改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术对１１个不同玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．）自交系和杂交种种子清蛋白（ａｌｂｕｍｉｎ）进行了电泳分析。结果表明,改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对玉米种子清蛋白具有较高的分辨率;玉米种子清蛋白存在丰富的多态性,各自交系和杂交种的电泳图均具有鲜明特征,并构成其独特的生化“指纹”;电泳谱带具有相对稳定性,基本不受产地和收获早晚的影响。     

洮河林区云冷杉林分类型多样性及稳定性研究

利用洮河林区云冷杉林择伐周期研究和森林资源二类清查样地资料,对该林区云冷杉林分类型多样性和林分的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:该林区的林分类型多样性随郁闭度的降低而增加,林分的稳定性随多样性的增加而降低,林分处于逆向演替过程中,林分的稳定性处于最低限。云冷杉林与环境因子-海拔之间呈明显的负相关。在高海拔区云冷杉林十分脆弱,一旦原有种群的郁闭度低于0.3,森林的稳定性将被破坏,既使在完全封禁的条件下,25年生的疏林要恢复到有林地状态将需要40年的时间。     

Activity of spinosad on stored-tobacco insects and persistence on cured tobacco stripst

Every year raw tobacco and manufactured tobacco products are lost to two major storage pests, the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F) and the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hiibner). Post-harvest management of both insects is achieved through sanitation, insect monitoring and fumigation with phosphine. However, insect resistance to phosphine and control failures have been reported, and fumigants are under constant regulatory pressure. Here we report the evaluation of spinosad, a bioinsecticide derived from the fermentation of the soil micro-organism Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz & Yao. Spinosad was first registered in 1997 and is now widely used as a field pest control agent on many crops, including tobacco. The insecticidal activity of the fermentation product (technical spinosad, TS) was measured by diet incorporation assays against L serricorne and E elutella larvae. Mortality levels were determined on newly hatched larvae and over the whole insect life cycle. For both species, no emergence of adult insects was observed in cured tobacco sprayed with 50mg TS kg(-1) and inoculated with eggs or newly hatched larvae. These results indicated that spinosad has potential for the control of both species in stored tobacco, since 100% control of both pests could be achieved at 50 mg TS kg(-1), and with almost full control (90-95%) at 10 mg kg(-1). We also monitored the stability of the product on cured tobacco. The original concentration of the main active component of TS, spinosyn A, did not change significantly over 18 months, indicating no loss of spinosad during a typical leaf storage period of time. Bioassays against larvae confirmed that the bioinsecticidal activity of spinosad was retained.     

Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 producing anti‐yeast substances to improve the aerobic stability of silage

Enhancing the aerobic stability of silage is very important in silage production. The objective of this study was to compare the roles of a new bacterial strain Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 with Lactobacillus plantarum Chikuso‐1 (LP) and Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (LB) in improving the aerobic stability of oat silage and identify the anti‐yeast substances produced by them. After ensiled for 45 days, either inoculated silages or control silage were of pH values lower than 4.2. The control and LP inoculated silage had poorer aerobic stability than LB and ZH1 inoculated ones (p < 0.05). ZH1 inoculated silage produced more acetic acid, benzoic acid and hexadecanoic acid than LB inoculated one and had the best aerobic stability (p < 0.05). In MRS medium, strain ZH1 produced more hexadecanoic acid than LP and LB strains, more benzoic acid than strain LP (p < 0.05), and the equal amount of benzoic acid to LB (p > 0.05). In addition, benzoic acid and hexadecanoic acid had low minimal inhibitory concentrations to target yeasts in the pure culture. In conclusion, L. parafarraginis ZH1 had stronger anti‐yeast potential and more effectively improved the aerobic stability of silage than other strains used in this study.     

Transient stability simulation methods incorporating PMU measurements

Incorporating the PMU measurements information in transient stability simulation can increase computing speed and enhance accuracy in the time domain simulation. Based on the conventional alternating iteration technique, this paper presents two simulation methods combined with the PMU measurements information, in which the number of differential algebraic equations is reduced and so is the computational scale. The proposed methods have been tested and compared with the conventional method using the New England 10 machine 39 bus system and IEEE 50 machine 145 bus system. The cases with errors of the dynamic model parameter and PMU have been also simulated and discussed. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.     

鸡毒支原体F株的毒力回归试验

将鸡毒支原体Ｆ株经培养基连续传３６代后的菌株培养物以鼻内和胸腔内感染接种的方式在ＳＰＦ鸡体内连续回传５代,然后分别取各回传代次的Ｆ株接种无鸡毒支原体和滑液支原体感染的小雏和ＳＰＦ鸡胚,同时以没经回的原始代次作为对照,比较各代次Ｆ株的毒力变化情况。试验结果表明,经回传ＳＰＦ鸡５代的各代次Ｆ株培养物接种小雏对鸡不致病,所有接种鸡气囊 未出现病变,和未经回传ＳＰＦ鸡的Ｆ株结果完全一致;经过回传的各代次Ｆ     

Microsatellite markers based assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) collections

To study the genetic variation in Iranian olive collections and some foreign olive cultivars, 47 accessions of 18 local cultivars from 6 olive collections of Iran (Roudbar, Zanjan, Ahvaz, Dezful, Kazeroon and Shiraz), were analyzed along with 30 imported cultivars using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. All the used microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism in the studied genotypes, except GAPU14 and GAPU113 markers. Fourteen microsatellite primers amplified 126 polymorphic alleles in the 87 selected olive accessions. The average number of alleles per locus was 9, ranging from 3 to 14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85. The genetic similarity based on Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 1. The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Most of the accessions with the same name were grouped together; some exceptions were also observed. As expected, close relationship was observed among accessions within same cultivar. Most of the Iranian olive accessions were clustered to a main distinct group. Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of most of the Iranian olives from Syrian and other introduced cultivars. These suggest that Iranian cultivars have different origin related to West Mediterranean basin cultivars and have evolved independently from the others. Between and within Iranian and foreign cultivars (cultivars including three or more accessions) genetic diversity was analyzed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA revealed higher within cultivar genetic variation (62.76%) as compare to that between cultivar variations (37.24%). The intra- and inter-cultivar variance tested by permutation test showed significant genetic variation at both levels. The high level within cultivar genetic variance could be due to mislabeling and presence of homonyms in cultivars produced by vegetative propagation from original plants.     

干扰MSTN的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为了筛选在牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（MSCs）分化前后稳定表达以及不受MSTN基因表达影响的内参基因,试验以野生组（WT）、转染干扰MSTN组（si-MSTN）和对照组（NC-MSTN）的牛MSCs作为样品,选取HMBS、B2M、GAPDH、TUBB、SDHA、18S rRNA、ACTB、RPL4、PPIA、HPRT1和YWHAZ作为候选内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术Ct值分析法对各候选内参基因的相对表达进行测定,首先利用3个独立评价软件geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper分别对各候选内参基因在野生组牛MSCs增殖期（GM）和分化第3天（DM3）细胞中的表达稳定性进行评价,筛选出前5个表达相对稳定的候选内参基因;然后以此为基础,利用相同的方法分析MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天的细胞中上述5个内参基因的表达水平和稳定性。geNorm、NormFinder分析结果均显示,HMBS、B2M、TUBB、GAPDH和ACTB在牛MSCs分化前后表达较稳定,BestKeeper分析显示ACTB和TUBB相关系数（r）排序靠前,GAPDH、HMBS和B2M排序不是很高,但是GAPDH的SD值最小,因此选择这5个候选内参基因做后续试验;在牛MSCs MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天,geNorm、NormFinder软件分析结果显示,上述5个候选内参基因中GAPDH、TUBB和B2M表达最稳定,BestKeeper分析显示TUBB相关系数排名不是最高,但其SD值最小,综合以上分析,选择TUBB作为牛MSCs干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天最适内参基因。研究结果可为以后进行牛MSCs在不同生长时期以及MSTN表达被调控后基因的表达分析提供参考。     

烤烟雄性不育系经济性状与环境互作的适应性及稳定性

通过对MSK326，MS云烟85，MS云烟87等3个烤烟雄性不育系在12个不同生态区的联合方差分析，得出烤烟雄性不育系由于生态区的不同，主要经济性状存在显著差异；通过对主要经济性状与环境互作的适应性及稳定性综合分析，MS云烟87的适应性及稳定性表现较好，MSK326表现其次，MS云烟85表现稍差．